Ubukhulu Bezintambo Ze-Orthodontic Buchazwe Kwabaqalayo

Isingeniso

Ukukhetha usayizi wentambo ye-orthodontic efanele kuthinta okungaphezu kokufakwa ngaphakathi kwesikhala se-bracket; kubumba ukuthi kunamandla angakanani alethwayo, ukuthi amazinyo ahamba kanjani ngqo, nokuthi ukwelashwa kuzwakala kukhululekile kangakanani. Kwabaqalayo, izinombolo kanye nezingxenyana ezisetshenziswa ukuchaza izintambo ze-arch zingabonakala zinobuchwepheshe, kodwa zilandela umqondo osebenzayo ohlobene nezigaba zokwelapha kanye nokulawula. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi kusho ukuthini osayizi bezintambo ezivamile, ukuthi zihlobana kanjani nobukhulu be-bracket, nokuthi kungani umehluko omncane ekujikeni kungashintsha ukuguquguquka, ukuqina, kanye nokunyakaza. Ekugcineni, uzoba nesisekelo esicacile sokufunda osayizi bezintambo nokuqonda indima yabo ekunakekelweni kwe-orthodontic.

Kungani ubukhulu bezintambo ze-orthodontic bubalulekile

Ukukhethwa kosayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontic kuyisici esiyisisekelo seukuhlela ukwelashwa kwe-biomechanical. Intambo ngayinye efakwe endaweni yokubeka izibambo isebenza njengenjini esebenzayo yokunyakaza kwamazinyo, ihumusha amandla agciniwe e-elastic abe amandla okuqondisa. Ukuqonda imininingwane yobukhulu balezi zintambo akuyona nje indaba yokuphathwa kwempahla kodwa kuyisidingo esibalulekile sezokwelapha esinquma ukuphepha, isivinini, kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa ngamazinyo.

Ukunemba kosayizi wentambo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhawulo yezinto eziphilayo ye-periodontal ligament iyahlonishwa. Uma i-archwire ihilelekile, isebenzisa ingcindezi eqhubekayo ebangela ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo. Ukunyakaza kwamazinyo okusebenza kahle ngokomzimba ngokuvamile kudinga amandla alula, aqhubekayo asukela kumagremu angu-20 kuya kwangu-150 (okukhiqiza cishe i-50 kuya ku-100 kPa yengcindezi ye-capillary ku-periodontal ligament), kuye ngezinyo elithile kanye nokunyakaza okuhlosiwe. Ukusebenzisa osayizi bentambo abangalungile kungadlula kalula le mingcele, okuholela emiphumeleni engathandeki njengokumuncwa kwezimpande, ukungakhululeki kwesiguli, noma ukulahlekelwa ukunamathela.

Ukulawulwa kokulethwa ngenkani kanye nokwelashwa

Ubudlelwano phakathi kobukhulu bentambo kanye nokulethwa kwamandla kulawulwa yizimiso ze-beam mechanics. Ukuqina kwentambo ye-orthodontic, kanye namandla ewanikezayo, kuyanda kakhulu ngosayizi wayo onqamulayo. Isibonelo, ukwandisa ububanzi bentambo eyindilinga kusuka ku-0.014 kuya ku-0.016 amayintshi kwandisa ukuqina kwayo cishe ngo-70%, kuyilapho ukuphinda kabili ububanzi bentambo eyindilinga kwandisa ukuqina kwayo ngesilinganiso esingu-16. Lobu budlelwano bezibalo bamandla wesine busho ukuthi ngisho nokwanda okuncane kakhulu kobubanzi bentambo kushintsha kakhulu iphrofayili yamandla esetshenziswa emazinyweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bengxenye yentambo phakathi kwama-bracket (ibanga eliphakathi kwama-bracket) buhlangana nosayizi wentambo ukuze kunqunywe ukuguquguquka okuphelele. Izintambo ezijiyile aziguquguquki kakhulu futhi zinamandla aphezulu emabangeni amafushane. Ngakho-ke, odokotela kumele balinganise ngokucophelela ubukhulu bentambo ukuze bufane nesigaba esithile sokwelashwa, baqinisekise ukuthi ukulethwa kwamandla kuhlala ngaphakathi kwefasitela elifanele lebhayoloji.

Ubani odinga ukuqonda okusebenzayo

Nakuba odokotela bamazinyo beyibo abenza izinqumo eziyinhloko mayelana nezicelo zezokwelapha, ukuqonda okusebenzayo kobukhulu bezintambo kudlulela kulo lonke ithimba lamazinyo. Abasizi bamazinyo bathembele kulolu lwazi ukuze babikezele izidingo zezokwelapha, ukusethwa kokulandelana ngendlela efanele, nokugwema ukubambezeleka eceleni kwesihlalo. Ukuhlonza ngokunembile ubukhulu bezintambo kuvimbela ukufakwa ngengozi kwentambo esindayo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuqala sokuqondanisa esibucayi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphathi bokuthenga kanye nochwepheshe bempahla kumele baqonde imithetho yobukhulu bezintambo ukuze balondoloze amazinga afanele esitokweni. Umtholampilo ojwayelekile kumele uphathe impahla esebenzayo yezintambo ezingu-500 kuya ku-1,000 ezihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokwakha, isimo se-arch, kanye nesigaba esinqamulayo. Ubuningi Obuncane Be-oda Elijwayelekile (ama-MOQ) ngokuvamile busukela kumayunithi ayi-10 kuya kwangu-50 ngosayizi, kanti izindleko zamayunithi ezimaphakathi ziyahlukahluka ngezinto zokwakha (isb., $0.50 kuya ku-$1.50 ngeNsimbi Engagqwali, kanye $1.50 kuya ku-$5.00 ngeNiTi). Ukujwayelana nalezi zincazelo kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-supply chain okungenamthungo futhi kuvumela imitholampilo ukuthi ihlole abakhiqizi abahlukile ngempumelelo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi oluphelele ngobuchwepheshe babahlinzeki kanye nezindinganiso zekhwalithi, ochwepheshe bavame ukubonisana nezinsiza ezichaza imininingwane.osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontickanye nezizinda zokukhiqiza.

Indlela osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontic abachazwa ngayo

Izintambo ze-Orthodontic zilinganiswa emhlabeni wonke kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwe-Imperial, ikakhulukazi ngamasentimitha ayinkulungwane, futhi zilawulwa yizindinganiso zokukhiqiza zomhlaba wonke njenge-ISO 15841. Intambo ebizwa ngokuthi “ishumi nane” isho ububanzi obungamasentimitha angu-0.014. Lokhu kuqanjwa kwamagama okujwayelekile kuvumela ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabakhiqizi, odokotela kanye nezincwadi zezemfundo emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zintambo kuncike ezinguqukweni ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuma kwesigaba esinqamulayo, ukulinganiswa kobukhulu, kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zichaza ukuthi intambo izongena kanjani endaweni yesikhala sesibakeli nokuthi yiziphi izakhiwo zemishini ezizobonisa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Izikhala zesibakeli ngokwazo zijwayelekile, zakhiwe kakhulu ngobukhulu obuqondile obuyi-intshi engu-0.018 noma engu-0.022.

Usayizi oyindilinga vs owunxande

Izintambo ze-Orthodontic zenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhlokoamajiyometri anqamulelayo: iyindilinga, isikwele, kanye nonxande. Izintambo eziyindilinga zilinganiswa ngencazelo eyodwa yobubanzi (isb., 0.012, 0.016 amayintshi). Ngenxa yokuthi azinawo amakhona, izintambo eziyindilinga azikwazi ukubopha izindonga eziyindilinga zesikwele ukuze zilawule ukuthambekela kwezimpande kolimi olucacile (i-torque). Umsebenzi wazo oyinhloko ukushelela kalula phakathi kwezikwele, ukulinganisa kanye nokuqondisa imiqhele yamazinyo.

Izintambo eziyisikwele neziyisikwele zidinga izilinganiso ezimbili ukuze zihlonzwe, ezimele ukuphakama nokujula kwentambo (isb., 0.016 x 0.022 amayintshi). Inombolo yokuqala ngokuvamile ibhekisela kubukhulu obuqondile, kanti eyesibili ibhekisela ekujuleni okuvundlile. Lezi zintambo zenzelwe ukugcwalisa isikhala sebhuleki ngokuphelele, okuvumela udokotela ukuthi asebenzise i-torque futhi alawule isikhundla sempande yezinyo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubopha, izintambo eziyisikwele zivame ukuba nerediyasi yekona ehlanganisiwe engama-intshi angu-0.003 kuya ku-0.004.

Ama-alloy, izingxenye eziwelayo, kanye nezikhala zama-bracket

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwengxenye yentambo kanye nesikhala sebracket kwaziwa ngokuthi “ukudlala” noma i-clearance. Isibonelo, ukufaka ucingo oluyindilinga oluyi-0.019 x 0.025-intshi endaweni yebracket engu-0.022-intshi kushiya isikhala esiqondile esingama-intshi angu-0.003, okulingana nokudlala kwe-torque okungama-degrees angu-5 kuya kwangu-7. Lokhu kubekezelelana okuqinile kuvumela ukuvezwa okuhle kwe-torque. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubeka ucingo oluyi-0.016 x 0.022-intshi endaweni efanayo engu-0.022 kushiya ama-intshi angu-0.006 okudlala (cishe ama-degrees angu-12 kuya kwangu-15 okulahlekelwa yi-torque), kunciphisa ukulawulwa kwe-torque kodwa kuvumela indlela elula yokushelela.

Ukwakheka kwe-alloy nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ubukhulu obuphathekayo bentambo kumele buhlolwe njalo ngokomongo wezinto zayo. Intambo ye-Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) engu-0.016-intshi izoziphatha ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kunentambo ye-Stainless Steel engu-0.016-intshi, naphezu kokwabelana ngobubanzi obufanayo obuphathekayo. Izakhiwo ze-metallurgical zilawula i-modulus ye-elastic yentambo, amandla okukhiqiza, kanye nokwakheka kwayo.

Ithebula lokuqhathanisa usayizi ojwayelekile

Ukuze bahlole uhlu oluhlukahlukene lwezintambo ze-arch, ochwepheshe basebenzisa amashadi okubhekisela ajwayelekile. Ithebula elingezansi lichaza osayizi bezintambo ezivamile, izimo zazo ezinqamula izigaba, ukuvuleka okuqondile, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zezokwelapha ezisekelwe ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwesikhala se-bracket esingu-0.022-intshi.

Indlela yokuqhathanisa ubukhulu bezintambo ngezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokusebenza kwazo

Ukuhlola izintambo ze-orthodontic kudinga ukuhlaziya ukuhlangana kobukhulu obubonakalayo kanye nesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukusebenza kwentambo ye-arch kunqunywa ukuqina kwayo, ukubuyiselwa kwayo esiqwini, ukwakheka kwayo, kanyeukungqubuzana kobusoNgokusebenzisa i-alloy kanye nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, odokotela bangakwazi ukuklama ngokunembile amandla e-biomechanical asetshenziswa kumazinyo.

Ukwelapha ngamazinyo kwanamuhla kuncike kakhulu emindenini emithathu eyinhloko ye-alloy: i-Nickel-Titanium (NiTi), i-Stainless Steel (SS), kanye ne-Beta-Titanium (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-TMA). Into ngayinye inamandla ahlukile okukhiqiza kanye ne-moduli enwebekayo. Ngokomongo, i-Stainless Steel ine-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu engaba ngu-160–180 GPa, i-Beta-Titanium ikuma-60–80 GPa, kanti i-NiTi iguquguquka kakhulu kuma-30–40 GPa. Izintambo ze-NiTi zingalulama kusukela ekucindezelweni kwesakhiwo okufika ku-8% ngaphandle kokuguquka okuhlala njalo, kanti insimbi engagqwali eqinile izokonakala unomphela uma ihlushwa ukucindezeleka okungaphezu kuka-1% kuya ku-2%.

Uma kukhethwa osayizi abancane

Izintambo ezincane ezinobubanzi obuphakathi, ngokuvamile ezisukela ku-0.012 kuya ku-0.016 amayintshi, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezigabeni zokuqala zokwelapha. Lapho amazinyo egcwele kakhulu noma ejikeleziswa, ucingo lwe-arch kumele lugobe kakhulu ukuze lubambe amabakaki angalingani kahle. Izintambo ze-NiTi ezinobubanzi obuncane ziyathandwa lapha ngoba zinikeza amandla aphezulu okuphambuka okuhambisana nokulethwa kwamandla aphansi, okuqhubekayo (ngokuvamile amagremu angu-40 kuya kwangu-60 amandla ku-2mm yokuphambuka).

Ukusebenzisa osayizi abakhulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi kulezi zimo kungacindezela kakhulu i-periodontal ligament, okubangela ubuhlungu, ukubola kwezicubu okungenzeka, kanye nokubambezela inqubo yokunyakaza kwamazinyo. Ingxenye encane enqamulayo iqinisekisa ukuthi ucingo luhlala ngaphakathi komkhawulo walo wokunwebeka, luqondisa amazinyo ngobumnene efomini lokuqala le-arch.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-NiTi, insimbi engagqwali, kanye ne-beta-titanium

Ama-alloy amathathu amakhulu asebenza ngezinjongo ezihlukile ze-biomechanical. I-Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) idume ngenkumbulo yayo yesimo kanye nokunwebeka okukhulu. Izinhlobo ezisebenzayo ngokushisa zinezinga lokushisa lokuqeda le-Austenitic ($A_f$) elivame ukusethwa cishe ku-27°C kuya ku-35°C. Inikeza amandla acishe ahlale njalo phezu kobubanzi bokuphambuka, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekuhleleni kokuqala kwamazinyo angajwayelekile.

Insimbi Engagqwali (SS) imele uhlangothi oluphambene nobubanzi. Inikeza ukuqina okuphezulu, ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokungqubuzana okuphansi kobuso. I-SS iyinto ekhethwayo yezigaba zokusebenza nezokuqeda, lapho kudingeka ukuqina ukuze kuvalwe izikhala zokukhipha noma kugcinwe ububanzi be-arch ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwentambo. I-Beta-Titanium (TMA) ivala igebe phakathi kwe-NiTi ne-SS. Inokuqina okungaba ngu-40% kwensimbi engagqwali, inikeza ibhalansi yokulethwa kwamandla okumaphakathi, ukwakheka okuhle, kanye nokuqina okwanele kokwenza imininingwane ephakathi.

Ukushintshashintsha kokuguquguquka, i-torque, kanye nokulawula

Ukukhetha ucingo olufanele kuhilela ukubhekana nokushintshana okukhona phakathi kokuguquguquka, ukubonakaliswa kwe-torque, kanye nokungqubuzana. Ucingo oluyindilinga lwe-NiTi oluncane lunikeza ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kanye nokungqubuzana okuncane, kodwa akukho ukulawula kwe-torque. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ucingo olugcwele lwensimbi engagqwali oluyi-0.019 x 0.025-intshi ku-slot engu-0.022 lunikeza ukulawula okuvelele kwezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye nokubonakaliswa kwe-torque, kodwa luqinile kakhulu futhi lukhiqiza ukumelana okukhulu kokungqubuzana ngesikhathi sokuslayida (i-SS ine-kinetic friction coefficient engu-~0.10–0.15, kanti i-TMA iphakeme ku-~0.25–0.35).

Odokotela kumele balinganisele lezi zici ngokusekelwe emgomweni wezokwelapha osheshayo. Uma umgomo uwukushelela amazinyo eceleni kwentambo ye-arch ukuze kuvalwe igebe, ucingo oluqinile oluncane (isb., 0.016 x 0.022 SS) lukhethwa ukunciphisa ukubopha nokungqubuzana. Uma umgomo uwukujika impande yezinyo elilodwa liye endaweni yalo yokugcina, ucingo oluyindilinga oluphelele luyadingeka ukuze lubambe ngokugcwele isikhala se-bracket.

Indlela yokukhetha usayizi wentambo ye-orthodontic efanele

Ukushintsha ngosayizi wezintambo kuyinqubo ehlelekile kakhulu, evame ukubizwa ngokuthiukulandelana kwe-archwireInhloso ukwandisa kancane kancane usayizi nokuqina kwentambo, ukusuka ezintanjeni ezilula eziyindilinga kuya ezintanjeni ezisindayo eziyisikwele, ngaphandle kokucindezela izakhiwo ezisekelayo zezinto eziphilayo.

Umkhuba wokwelapha amazinyo ogcwele kahle ngokuvamile udinga uhlu lwezinhlobo zezintambo okungenani eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-20 (inhlanganisela yobukhulu, ukuma, nezinto zokwakha) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesiguli ezahlukene kanye nemithi yokwelapha ebanjiwe. Ukukhetha ucingo olufanele kuhilela ukuhlola indawo yamanje yamazinyo, imigomo ehlosiwe yomshini, kanye nokubekezelelana kwemikhiqizo ekhiqiziwe. Abakhiqizi abadumile bagcina ukulawula okuqinile kwekhwalithi, begcina amazinga okukhubazeka engaphansi kuka-0.5%.

Inqubo yokukhetha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Inqubo yokukhetha ilandela inqubekela phambili enengqondo ehambisana nezigaba ezintathu zokwelapha ngamazinyo. Isinyathelo sokuqala sihilela ukuhlola ukuminyana kokuqala nokukhetha ucingo oluyindilinga oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, olunobubanzi obuncane (isb., 0.014 NiTi) ukuqala ukulinganisa, isigaba esivame ukuhlala amasonto ayi-8 kuya kwayi-16. Isinyathelo sesibili sishintshela esigabeni sokusebenza (amasonto ayi-12 kuya kwangama-24), lapho kukhethwa khona ucingo olukhulu, oluqinile (isb., 0.018 round SS noma 0.016 x 0.022 SS) ukuphatha ukuvalwa kwesikhala nokulungisa ukulunywa.

Isinyathelo sesithathu sihilela isigaba sokuqeda (amasonto angu-8 kuya kwangu-16), esidinga ucingo oluhambisana eduze nobukhulu besikhala se-bracket (isb., 0.019 x 0.025 SS noma i-TMA) ukuze kuboniswe i-torque yokugcina kanye ne-angulation ehlelwe kuma-bracket. Amaqembu okuthenga athola lezi zinhlelo ezithile angahlola amakhathalogi aphelele anemininingwane.osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodonticukufanisa izinqubo zokwelapha.

Ikhwalithi, ukubekezelelana, kanye nokupakishwa

Ukunemba kokwenziwa kwezintambo kuthinta kakhulu imiphumela yezokwelapha. Izintambo ze-orthodontic ezisezingeni eliphezulu kumele zinamathele ekubekezeleleni okuqinile, ngokuvamile ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-± 0.0005 ukusuka kusayizi wazo oshiwo. Uma ucingo lwenziwe lukhulu kancane kakhulu, luzohluleka ukubopha isikhala se-bracket; uma luncane kakhulu, luzoholela ekudlaleni ngokweqile nasekulahlekelweni kokulawula.

Ukupakishwa nakho kudlala indima ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi. Ama-archwire avame ukunikezwa akhiwe kusengaphambili ngezimo ezijwayelekile zama-arch (isb., ama-ovoid, ama-tapered, ama-square) bese epakishwa emikhonweni ngayinye ehlanzekile (enesikhathi esijwayelekile seshelufu seminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5) noma amaphakethe amakhulu ayi-10 kuya ku-100. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ehambisanayo kanye nokulebula okunembile kula maphakheji kuvimbela amaphutha emitholampilo futhi kwenza kube lula ukusebenza eceleni kwesihlalo.

Amaphutha avamile okufanele uwagweme

Iphutha elivamile lomtholampilo

Ukufunda okwengeziwe:

• osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontic
• osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontic
• osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontic

Uhlaka lwesinqumo sokukhetha usayizi wentambo

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sobukhulu bezintambo ze-orthodontic
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kusho ukuthini usayizi wentambo ye-orthodontic engu-0.014?

Kusho ukuthi ucingo lungamasentimitha angu-0.014 ububanzi. Ku-orthodontics, ubukhulu buvame ukufakwa ohlwini lwezingxenye eziyinkulungwane zesentimitha, ngakho odokotela bangase bayibize ngokuthi ucingo “oluyishumi nane”.

Kungani ubukhulu bentambo bubalulekile ekwelashweni kwamazinyo?

Izinguquko ezincane zosayizi zingakhulisa kakhulu ukuqina namandla. Ukusebenzisa usayizi ofanele kusiza ekufezeni ukunyakaza kwamazinyo okulawulwayo ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungakhululeki, ukulahlekelwa yizinsika, kanye nokucindezeleka kwezimpande okungafuneki.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezintambo ze-orthodontic eziyindilinga nezingunxande?

Izintambo eziyindilinga zisiza kakhulu ekulinganisweni nasekuhleleni kokuqala. Izintambo eziyisikwele zibamba izindonga zesikhala sezibambo ngokugcwele, zinikeza i-torque engcono kanye nokulawula ukuqeda kamuva ekulungisweni.

Ubukhulu besikhala se-bracket buthinta kanjani ukukhethwa kwentambo?

Izikhala zamabhuleki zivame ukuba ngamasentimitha angu-0.018 noma angu-0.022. Intambo kumele ifane nesistimu yesikhala ukuze ilingane kahle futhi ilethe izinga elihlosiwe lokulawula namandla.

Imitholampilo ingatholaphi osayizi bezintambo ze-orthodontic ezihambisanayo ngobuningi?

Imitholampilo ingaqhathanisa izinketho ezijwayelekile kanye nemininingwane yomkhiqizo evela kubahlinzeki abanjengoDenRotary. Hlola izinto zokwakha, izingxenye ezihlukene, ukuhambisana kwesikhala, kanye ne-MOQ ngaphambi kokufaka ama-oda amaningi aphindaphindwayo.