Isingeniso
Ukwehluleka kwe-bracket bond kungaphezu nje kokuphazamiseka okuncane ekunakekelweni kwamazinyo: kungabambezela ukunyakaza kwamazinyo, kwandise ukuvakashelwa okuphuthumayo, futhi kwengeze isikhathi esingagwenywa ekwelashweni. Ukuvimbela kudinga ukunakwa kokubili ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kanye nohlelo lokunamathela olusetshenziswa esinyathelweni ngasinye, kusukela ekulungisweni kwe-enamel kanye nokulawula umswakama kuya ekubekweni kwe-bracket kanye nokwelapha. Lesi sihloko sichaza izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehluleka kwe-bond, amazinga okulinganisa abonisa inkinga, kanye nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezithuthukisa ukugcinwa kwe-bracket emisebenzini yansuku zonke. Ekugcineni, abafundi bazoba nohlaka olucacile lokunciphisa ukwehluleka, ukuvikela ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa, kanye nokuthuthukisa imiphumela yeziguli.
Kuyini Ukwehluleka Kwebhondi Yesibhakela Futhi Kungani Kubalulekile
Ukunamathela okuthembekile kwe-bracket kuyisisekelo sokusebenza kahle kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa kwamazinyo kwanamuhla. Uma i-bracket isuka ebusweni bezinyo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, iphazamisa amandla e-biomechanical adingekayo ekunyakazeni kwamazinyo, okuholela emiphumeleni yezokwelapha ebucayi kanye nesikhathi sokwelashwa esengeziwe.
Esimweni sezokwelapha esiphethwe kahle, izinga lokulinganisa elamukelekayo emhlabeni wonke lamazinga okuhluleka kwezibopho ze-bracket ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-5% no-10%. Ukudlula lo mkhawulo kubonisa iphutha elihlelekile ekukhetheni izinto, ubuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, noma ukuphathwa kokuhambisana nesiguli. Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenza kwalokhu kwehluleka kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuqalisa izinqubo zokulungisa.
Kungani ukwehluleka kwesibopho se-bracket kwandisa isikhathi sesihlalo
Umphumela osheshayo wokwehluleka kwesibopho se-bracket ukwanda okukhulu kwesikhathi sesihlalo esingahleliwe. Ukufaka i-bracket eyodwa kudinga ukususa i-residual composite, ukuphinda u-pumice, ukuhlukanisa, ukuqopha, ukufaka i-priming, kanye nokubeka kabusha i-bracket entsha. Lokhu kulandelana kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 yesikhathi somtholampilo.
Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwe-aphoyintimenti okusheshayo, ukwehluleka kwezibopho okungaxazululwanga kwehla kube isikhathi eside sokwelashwa. Izifundo zemitholampilo zibonisa ukuthi ukwehluleka ngakunye kwe-bracket kungandisa isikhathi sokwelashwa sesiguli sonke ngenyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa inzuzo yokusebenza ngokwandisa izindleko zokukhokha isiguli ngasinye kodwa futhi kuthinta kabi ukwaneliseka kwesiguli kanye nokuthobela imithetho.
Indlela yokuchaza ngokucacile ukwehluleka kwesibopho se-bracket
Ukwehluleka kwesibopho se-bracket kuchazwa ngokobuchwepheshe njengokuhlukaniswa okungahlosiwe kwe-orthodontic bracket ebusweni be-enamel ngaphambi kwesigaba sokwelashwa esihleliwe sokususwa kwesibopho. Ukuze bathole imbangela eyinhloko, odokotela kumele bahlukanise ukwehluleka ngokusekelwe ku-Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI), ekhomba lapho ukuqhekeka kwenzeke khona.
Ukwehluleka kungenzeka esixhumi esinamathelisiwe se-enamel (okubonisa ukugqwala okubi noma ukungcoliswa komswakama), ngaphakathi kwesinamathelisiwe ngokwaso (ukwehluleka kokuhlangana, okubonisa ukuqina okungaphelele noma izinto eziphelelwe yisikhathi), noma esixhumi esinamathelisiwe se-bracket (okubonisa ukungena okunganele kwe-mesh noma ukungcoliswa kwesisekelo). Ukuze kusebenze kahle, amandla e-shear bond (SBS) kumele awele ngaphakathi kwefasitela elithile lokwelapha: Ama-Megapascals angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 (MPa) ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukuze amelane namandla okuhlafuna kanye nokwelapha, kuyilapho ukudlula i-MPa engu-14 kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphuka kwe-enamel ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-debond okuhleliwe.
Yini Ebangela Ukwehluleka Kwe-Bracket Bond Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa Kwamazinyo
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-bracket akuvamile ukuba umphumela wephutha elilodwa; ngokuvamile kuyinkinga yezizathu eziningi ehilela ukwenziwa kwezokwelapha, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye neziguquguquko zesiguli. Ukuhlonza imbangela ethile kudinga ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile kwendawo yokubopha kanye namandla angokwenyama asetshenziswa ku-bracket.
Ngokuhlukanisa izinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana nokulawula umswakama, imishini yokunamathela, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-occlusal, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukukhomba ngqo ukuthi inqubo yabo yokubopha iphuka kuphi.
Indlela isimo se-enamel kanye nomswakama okuthinta ngayo amandla esibopho
Isimo se-enamel kanye nokuba khona komswakama yizona zinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangela ubude besikhathi sokubopha. Ukungcoliswa kwamathe, igazi, noma uketshezi oluqhekekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokubopha kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokwehluleka, okukwazi ukunciphisa amandla okubopha ngo-30% kuya ku-50%. Ngisho nomswakama ozungezile ovela ekuphefumuleni kwesiguli kungonakalisa ukugcinwa kwe-micro-mechanical okudalwe yi-etchant.
Ukulungiswa kwe-enamel nakho kusho impumelelo. Iphrothokholi ejwayelekile idinga imizuzwana eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30 yokuhlikihla nge-37% phosphoric acid ukuze kudalwe i-microporosity eyanele. Kodwa-ke, izimo ze-enamel ezingavamile, njenge-fluorosis, i-hypomineralization, noma ukuba khona kwamazinyo aqothulayo, ziqukethe izendlalelo ze-enamel ezingenayo i-prism ezishintshashintshayo ezimelana nokuhlikihla okujwayelekile, okudinga izikhathi ezinde zokuhlikihla noma i-microabrasion ukuze kufezwe amandla esibopho se-6 MPa esiyisisekelo.
Indlela ukwakheka kwezibiyeli kanye nokukhetha okunamathelayo okuthonya ngayo ukwehluleka
Izici zomzimba zesisekelo se-bracket zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcinweni kwemishini. Izisekelo ze-foil-mesh, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisebenzisa i-mesh engu-80-gauge, zinikeza indawo ephezulu yokuxhumanisa okunamathelayo. Uma i-mesh incane kakhulu, izinhlanganisela eziqinile azikwazi ukungena; uma ziqinile kakhulu, isisindo se-adhesive siba buthaka.
Ukukhetha ikhwalithi ephezului-orthodontics yokunamathela ebhulakiniiqinisekisa ukuthi i-resin ehlanganisiwe inobuthi obufanele bokugeleza iye esisekelweni se-bracket ngenkathi imelana nokukhukhuleka kwangaphambi kokulungiswa. Izinamathiseli ezinokuqukethwe okugcwala ngokweqile zinganikeza amandla aphezulu okucindezela kodwa azikwazi ukugeleza okudingekayo ukuze zimanzise ngokuphelele i-bracket mesh, okuholela ekwehlulekeni kwe-interface yokunamathela kwe-bracket.
Indlela ukuziphatha kwesiguli kanye namandla okungabonakali okufaka isandla ngayo
Ngisho noma kuhlukaniswe ngokuphelele futhi kunezinto ezifanele, amandla angaphandle anganqoba isibopho. Amandla okuluma okuhlafuna ezingxenyeni ezingemuva angadlula kalula ama-Newton angu-200 kuya kwangu-500. Uma iziguli zingayinaki imikhawulo yokudla futhi zidla ukudla okuqinile, okuqinile, noma okunamathelayo, ukucindezeleka kokugunda nokucindezela okuvelayo kuphula ungqimba lwe-adhesive.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Occlusal nakho kunegalelo elikhulu ekuhlulekeni kokuqala. Ezimweni zokulunywa kakhulu noma ukuminyana okukhulu, amazinyo aphikisanayo angashaya ama-bracket asanda kubekwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okusebenzayo. Uma i-bracket ibhekene nokulimala okuqhubekayo kwe-occlusal okungaphezu komkhawulo we-8 MPa we-glue, ukuhlukaniswa akunakugwenywa ngaphandle kokuthi ama-bite turbos noma ama-bite plate abekwe ukuze ahlukanise amazinyo.
Yimaphi Ama-Adhesive kanye Nezinqubo Zokubopha Ezinciphisa Ukwehluleka Kwebhondi Yesibhakela
Ukukhetha uhlelo lokunamathela olufanele kuyisinqumo esibalulekile esinquma kokubili ukuhamba komsebenzi kwezokwelapha kanye nokuthembeka kwezibopho. Imakethe inikeza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakhemikhali, ngayinye eyenzelwe ukubhekana nezinselele ezithile zezokwelapha njengokulawula umswakama, isikhathi sokusebenza, kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-enamel.
Ukuvela kwei-orthodontics yokunamathela ebhulakiniibeke phambili ukuthola ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kokugcinwa okuqinile ngaphakathi kokwelashwa kanye nokukhululwa okuphephile nokubikezelwayo ekupheleni kokwelashwa.
Indlela izinketho zokwelapha ukukhanya, ukuzilapha ngokwakho, ukwelapha okubili, kanye nezinketho ze-ionomer yengilazi eziqhathaniswa ngayo
Ama-resin ahlanganisiwe acwebezelayo ahlala eyindinganiso yemboni, enikeza izikhathi zokusebenza ezinde ezivumela ukubeka ama-bracket ngendlela enembile ngaphambi kokuba ukukhanya okusuka kumasekhondi ayi-10 kuya kwangama-20 kuqinise impahla. Lokhu kuvame ukuveza amandla e-shear bond aqinile angu-8 kuya ku-10 MPa. Ama-adhesive acwebezelayo athembele ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali okunezingxenye ezimbili futhi agcinelwe ikakhulukazi ukunamathisela okuhlanganisiwe ezindaweni ezingacacile lapho ukukhanya kungena khona, njengemiphetho ye-molar noma imiqhele yensimbi.
Ama-cement e-ionomer engilazi eguquliwe nge-resin (RMGI) anikeza inzuzo ehlukile ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi. Ngenxa yokuthi ayathandeka emanzini, asebenza kangcono kunezinhlanganisela emasimini ahlukanisiwe kancane, njenge-molars yesibili eqhumile kancane. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubekezelela umswakama kuza ngezindleko ezincane zokugcina konke, kanti ama-RMGI avame ukukhiqiza i-SBS ephansi engu-5 kuya ku-7 MPa.
Isikhathi sokulungisa izinyathelo zokunquma, zokunquma, nezokulungisa
Ukubopha kwendabuko kudinga izinyathelo ezintathu ezihlukene: ukugoba nge-asidi, ukusebenzisa i-primer ephilic hydrophilic, nokubeka i-adhesive paste. Nakuba lokhu kunikeza amandla aphezulu okubopha, kuzwela kakhulu ekungcoleni kwamathe phakathi kwezinyathelo. Ukulungisa le nqubo ngokusebenzisa ama-Self-Etching Primers (SEPs) kuhlanganisa izigaba zokugoba kanye nezokugoba, kunciphisa kakhulu ifasitela lokungcoliswa komswakama.
Uma besebenzisa ama-SEP, odokotela kumele baqinisekise ukuthi ukukhanya okukhiphayo kwanele, njengoba ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali kuncike kakhulu ekungeneni kwe-photon ejulile. Ukukhanya okucishayo okungenani okungu-1,000 mW/cm² kuyadingeka kakhulu. Uma ukuqina kokukhanya kwehla, isikhathi sokupholisa nge-bracket ngayinye kumele sandiswe kusukela kumasekhondi ayi-10 kuya kumasekhondi angama-20 ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kokuhlangana ngaphakathi kwe-resin engapholishiwe.
Yiziphi izinto okufanele zifakwe etafuleni lokuqhathanisa lokunamathela
Ukuze kwenziwe ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ngendlela efanayo ngaphakathi komtholampilo, odokotela kufanele bahlole izinto zokunamathisela ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zokusebenza ezingabalwa. Ukuqhathanisa okuhlelekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezikhethiwe zihambisana nezidingo ezithile zesiguli kanye nesivinini sokusebenza kodokotela.
| Uhlobo Lwesinamathelisi | I-SBS Emaphakathi (i-MPa) | Ukubekezelela Umswakama | Isikhathi Sokusebenza | Isikhathi Esinconywayo Sokuphulukisa (ku->1000 mW/cm²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhlanganisela Yokwelapha Okukhanyayo | 8.0 – 10.0 | Phansi | Okungenamkhawulo | Imizuzwana eyi-10 - 20 |
| Ionomer Yengilazi Eguquliwe Nge-Resin | 5.0 – 7.0 | Phezulu | Imizuzu emi-2 - 3 | Imizuzwana eyi-10 - 20 |
| I-Primer Eziqophayo + I-Resin | 7.0 – 9.0 | Okumaphakathi | Okungenamkhawulo | Imizuzwana eyi-15 - 20 |
| I-Resin Yokuziphilisa (Yamakhemikhali) | 7.0 – 9.0 | Phansi | Imizuzu eyi-1 – 2 | Akukho (Isethi yamakhemikhali: imizuzu emi-3-5) |
Imikhuba Ingakuvimbela Kanjani Ukwehluleka Kwebhondi Yesibhakela
Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwesibopho se-bracket kudinga ukushintshela kusuka kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kuya ekusebenzeni okuqinile nokuphindaphindekayo kwezokwelapha. Ukwehluka kwendlela abasizi abalungiselela ngayo amazinyo noma indlela izinto ezigcinwa ngayo kungaletha ubuthakathaka obufihliwe esibonakalayo sesibopho.
Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, amaqembu e-orthodontics angasusa amaphutha amancane ahlangana abe ukwehluleka okukhulu, ngaleyo ndlela azinzise izindleko zokulungisa nokugcina ukwelashwa kusesikhathini.
Yisiphi isimiso sokubopha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo esithuthukisa ukuvumelana
Inqubo yokubopha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo, engaxoxiswana ngayo iyindlela enamandla kakhulu yokuvikela ukwehluleka. Lokhu kuqala ngokuvimbela; amazinyo kumele acwebezelwe kusetshenziswa i-pumice slurry elula. Ukusebenzisa ama-prophy paste aqukethe i-fluoride, amafutha okunambitha, noma i-glycerin kungashiya insalela encane kakhulu enciphisa amandla okubopha ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-15.
Ngemva kokuvimbela, ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele kumele kufezwe kusetshenziswa izihluthulelo zezihlathi, izivikelo zolimi, kanye nokumunca okunamandla. I-etchant kufanele ifakwe ngokunembile imizuzwana engama-30, ihlanzwe kahle imizuzwana eyi-10, bese yomiswa ngomoya ocindezelwe ongenawo amafutha, ongenamanzi kuze kube yilapho i-enamel iveza ukubukeka okumhlophe okufana ne-chalk. I-primer kumele ifakwe ungqimba oluncane, olufanayo, kulandelwe indawo yokuhlala eqinile ye-bracket ukuze kukhishwe i-flash, okumele isuswe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokupholisa.
Amaqembu angenza kanjani ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokugcina, okutholakala esitokweni, kanye nokukhanya kube okujwayelekile
Ukuwohloka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunomthelela ongabonakali ekwehlulekeni kwezibopho. Ama-adhesive nama-primer aqukethe izingxenye zamakhemikhali ezishintshashintshayo eziwohloka lapho zivezwa ekushiseni noma ekukhanyeni okuzungezile. Imikhuba kumele iphoqeleleimithetho eqinile yokugcina impahla, ngokuvamile idinga ukubanda phakathi kuka-2°C no-8°C. Kodwa-ke, inhlanganisela ebandayo iqine kakhulu futhi ingase yehluleke ukungena ku-bracket mesh; ngakho-ke, izinto kumele zilethwe ekushiseni kwegumbi okungenani ihora eli-1 ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwe-bonding.
Ukugcinwa kwemishini kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ama-diode ezibani zokukhanyisa ze-LED ayawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ehlisa amandla okukhipha ngokungabonakali. Amaqembu emitholampilo kumele ahlole izibani zokukhanyisa masonto onke esebenzisa i-radiometer yamazinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlala ungaphezu komkhawulo ongu-1,000 mW/cm². Uma imishini yehluleka noma izinto ziphelelwa yisikhathi, izisebenzi kufanele zisebenzise umthengisi.Xhumana nathiama-portals okuvikela ngokushesha izinto ezithathelwa indawo futhi agweme ukusebenzisa isitokwe esisengozini.
Yimaphi amamethrikhi okufanele alandelwe ukuze kuqashwe amazinga okuhluleka
Ukuze kuphathwe ikhwalithi ngendlela ephumelelayo, imikhuba kumele ilandelele izilinganiso ezithile zokwehluleka kunokuthembela ekubonweni kwezindaba ezimfushane. Ukulandelela amazinga okwehluleka kuvumela umqondisi wezokwelapha ukuthi abone amaphethini—njengokuthi ukwehluleka kuhlukaniswe yini ku-quadrant ethile, umsizi othile wezokwelapha, noma ibhetshi ethile ye-glue.
Umkhuba onempilo kufanele uhlose izinga lokuhluleka elingaphansi kuka-5%. Uma idatha yembula ukuthi ama-molars aphansi anezinga lokuhluleka elingu-12%, umkhuba ungahlose ngqo izindlela zokulawula umswakama zaleso sifunda.
| I-Metric Ilandelwe | Isilinganiso Esinempilo | Kudingeka Isinyathelo Uma Isilinganiso Seqiwe |
|---|---|---|
| Izinga Lokuhluleka Lokuprakthiza Lilonke | < 5% | Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezinto zokwakha kanye nemishini yokwelapha. |
| Izinga Lokwehluleka Kwamazinyo Angemuva | < 8% | Qeqesha abasebenzi kabusha ngezindlela zokuzihlukanisa kanye nokuphathwa kwamathe. |
| Ukwehluleka Kungakapheli Amahora angu-48 | < 2% | Hlola ukungcoliswa komswakama okusheshayo noma i-primer ephelelwe yisikhathi. |
| Ukwehluleka Ngemva Kwezinyanga Ezi-6 | < 3% | Buyekeza ukuhambisana kokudla kwesiguli kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-occlusal. |
Odokotela Kufanele Bakhethe Kanjani Isu Lokunamathela Elifanele
Ukukhetha isu lokunamathelisa elifanele akukhona ukuthola i-glue enamandla kakhulu, kodwa kunalokho ukuthola izinto ezifanele ezilinganisela ukugcinwa kwayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokususwa kwayo okuphephile ngemva kwalokho. Odokotela kumele bahlele indlela yabo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile zecala ngalinye.
Iphrothokholi eqinile, efanela bonke ngokungenakugwenywa iholela ekuyekethiseni, kanti indlela eqondiswe yimigomo eqondiswe isu iqinisekisa ukubikezela kuzo zonke izethulo zeziguli ezahlukahlukene.
Yiziphi izindlela okufanele ziqondise ukukhetha okunamathelayo kanye nephrothokholi
Izindlela eziyinhloko eziqondisa ukukhethwa kwe-glue yizinto ezifakwa kwi-bracket, ubuso bezinyo, kanye nendawo yempilo yesiguli. Isibonelo, ama-bracket e-polycrystalline ceramic awakwazi ukuguquguquka njengensimbi engagqwali. Uma eboshwe nge-composite enamandla kakhulu (ekhiqiza i->14 MPa), ingozi yokudabuka kwe-enamel noma ukuqhekeka kwe-bracket ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-bond iyanda kakhulu. Kulezi zimo, odokotela bavame ukukhetha ama-glue aklanyelwe ngqo ama-ceramics, aqhekeka ngendlela ebikezelwe esibonakalayo se-bracket.
I-substrate engaphezulu nayo ilawula inqubo. Ukubopha ku-enamel ehlanzekile kuvumelaama-resin ahlanganisiwe ajwayelekile, kodwa ukubopha imiqhele ye-porcelain, ukuvuselelwa kwegolide, noma i-amalgam kudinga ukulungiswa kwendawo okukhethekile—njenge-hydrofluoric acid etching noma ama-silane coupling agents—futhi ngokuvamile kuzuza kuma-resin agcwele kakhulu, ahlanzwe ngamakhemikhali ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza.
Indlela yokulinganisela ukuthembeka kwezibopho, ukuphepha kwe-enamel, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuqokwa
Ekugcineni, umgomo uwukufinyelela amandla esibopho angcono kakhulu angu-6
Ukufunda okwengeziwe:
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele
- Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu se-orthodontics ye-bracket adhesive
- Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
- Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Yisiphi isizathu esivame kakhulu sokukhishwa kwama-bracket ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
Ukungcola komswakama kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Amathe, igazi, noma uketshezi oluqhekekile ngesikhathi sokusika noma ukubopha kunganciphisa kakhulu amandla okubopha futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni kwe-bracket kusenesikhathi.
Odokotela bangakunciphisa kanjani ukwehluleka kwezibopho ze-bracket emsebenzini wansuku zonke?
Sebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile, hlanza futhi womise i-enamel kahle, qopha kahle, faka i-primer ngokulinganayo, bese ubeka i-bracket ngaphandle kokungcola ngaphambi kokupholisa ngokuphelele.
Ingabe ukukhetha okunamathelayo kuthinta ukuthembeka kwesibopho se-bracket?
Yebo. Ingcina ye-orthodontic elinganiswe kahle kufanele ingene kwi-bracket mesh, iqine ngokuphelele, futhi inikeze amandla anele ngaphandle kokwenza ukukhishwa kwe-bonding kube yingozi ku-enamel.
Yimaphi amandla esibopho sokucheba ngokuvamile abhekwa njengaphephile kuma-bracket e-orthodontic?
Inhloso engokoqobo ingaba ngu-6 kuya ku-8 MPa. Lokhu kuvame ukumelana namandla okwelashwa ngenkathi kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwe-enamel ngesikhathi sokususwa kwe-bracket.
Izisebenzi zingayitholaphi imikhiqizo ye-orthodontics enamathelayo ebhulakini?
Imikhuba ingabuyekeza izinketho ze-orthodontics ezinamathelayo ze-bracket ngokusebenzisa ikhathalogi yomkhiqizo ye-DenRotary ku-denrotary.com ukuze iqhathanise izinto zezinqubo zokubopha ezivamile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-02-2026