Uhlu Lwezinsimbi Zokuhlinza Amazinyo Ezibalulekile Zemitholampilo Yamazinyo Yanamuhla

Isingeniso

Ukuhlomisa umtholampilo wamazinyo namuhla kudinga okungaphezu nje kokugcina amathuluzi ayisisekelo; kusho ukwakha isethi yamathuluzi ajwayelekile asekela ukusebenza kahle, ukubulala amagciwane okuthembekile, kanye nemiphumela yezokwelapha eqhubekayo. Lesi sihloko sichaza imikhuba ebalulekile yamazinyo yesimanje okufanele ibekwe phambili, kusukela kumathuluzi okuxilonga ayisisekelo nawokuvuselela kuya ezintweni zokukhetha ezithinta i-ergonomics, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuhlela okunye. Abafundi bazothola uhlaka olusebenzayo lokuhlela isitokwe, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka kwenqubo, kanye nokuvumelanisa izinqumo zokuthenga nezidingo zokusebenza zansuku zonke, ukusetha izigaba zamathuluzi ezinemininingwane kanye nezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe ezizoxoxwa ngokulandelayo.

Kungani Uhlu Lwezinsimbi Zamazinyo Zanamuhla Lubalulekile

Ukusungula uhlelo oluphelele nolupheleleuhlu lwezinsimbi zamazinyo ezijwayelekilekuyisinyathelo esiyisisekelo sokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwemitholampilo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nokuletha imiphumela yeziguli ebikezelwayo. Emitholampilo yamazinyo yanamuhla, ukuthengwa akuseyona umsebenzi wendawo, wesikhashana; kuwumsebenzi we-supply chain osuhlelekile. Isitokwe esikhethwe ngobuhlakani sinciphisa ngqo izindleko eziphezulu, sinciphise izithiyo zokubulala inzalo, futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle eceleni kwezihlalo.

Imininingwane yezokwelapha ikhombisa ukuthi ukwenza izilungiselelo zenqubo zibe zijwayelekile kunganciphisa isikhathi sesihlalo ngo-15% kuya ku-20%, ikakhulukazi ngokuqeda umthwalo wokuqonda kubasizi bamazinyo nokunciphisa ukutholwa kwezinsimbi eziphakathi nenqubo. Ngokushintsha kusuka ekuthengeni okuqhekekile kuya ohlwini lwezinsimbi oluhlanganisiwe, oluqhutshwa idatha,abaqondisi bezokwelaphaingabikezela kangcono izindleko zezimali, ilawule imijikelezo yokufaka esikhundleni, futhi igcine izinqubo zokulawula ukutheleleka eziqinile.

Izindinganiso zokukhetha kanye nomthelela womsebenzi

Ukukhethwa kwezinsimbi zesandla kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwezokwelapha kanye ne-ergonomics yochwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezinsimbi eziklanywe kabi kunegalelo ekulimaleni okuphindaphindiwe kokucindezeleka (RSIs) kanye nezinkinga zemisipha nemisipha, ezithinta iphesenti elikhulu lochwepheshe bamazinyo. Ngenxa yalokho, izindinganiso zokukhetha zanamuhla zibeka phambili izilinganiso ze-ergonomics, njengobubanzi besibambo obuphakathi kuka-8.0 mm no-10.0 mm, okuye kwabonakala kunciphisa kakhulu amandla okuncinza uma kuqhathaniswa nezibambo zesikhathi esidlule ezingu-5.5 mm.

Umthelela wokuhamba komsebenzi udlulela emjikelezweni wokucubungula kabusha. Amathuluzi kumele akhethwe hhayi nje ngenxa yempendulo yawo ethintayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusika kodwa futhi nangokuhambisana kwawo nezinhlelo zokuwasha nokuhlanza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uhlu olujwayelekile luqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto ezithengiwe zimelana nemingcele ethile yokucubungula kabusha kokushisa namakhemikhali yomtholampilo, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, ukubola, noma ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinsimbi eziyinhloko zemitholampilo

Ukuze kube lula ukuphathwa kokuthengwa kanye nokugcinwa kwempahla, amathuluzi ayinhloko kufanele ahlukaniswe ngokwemisebenzi yenqubo kanye nezinga le-metallurgical. Ukuhlukaniswa okuyinhloko kufaka phakathi amathuluzi okuxilonga, okuvuselela, endodontic, periodontal, kanye namathuluzi okuhlinzwa/okukhipha. Ukunamathela ezindinganisweni zokukhiqiza zamazwe ngamazwe, njenge-ISO 7153-1 yamathuluzi okuhlinzwa, kuqinisekisa ukuthi insimbi engagqwali esetshenziswayo inokumelana nokugqwala okudingekayo kanye namandla okunamathela.

Ngaphakathi kwalezi zigaba, imitholampilo kumele ihlukanise phakathi kwezinsimbi ezinkulu (njengezilifti zokuhlinzwa kanye nezinsimbi zokukhipha eziphila iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5) kanye nezinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo noma ezingasebenziseki kalula (njengamafayela e-endodontic kanye nezikali ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo noma ukuphinda zifakwe imali). Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezimbili kuvumela abaphathi bokuthenga ukuthi basebenzise amamodeli ahlukile okubikezela isabelomali kanye nobuningi be-oda elincane (ama-MOQ) alungiselelwe umjikelezo wokuphila wesigaba ngasinye.

Izinto Zokusebenza Zamazinyo Ezibalulekile Okufanele Zibekwe Eqhulwini

Ukwakha isitokwe esiqinile kudinga ukubeka phambili amathuluzi akha umgogodla wokusebenza kwemisebenzi yezokwelapha yansuku zonke. Ngenkathi izinqubo ezikhethekile zidinga amathuluzi akhethekile, iningi lemali engenayo yamazinyo itholakala ngokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kokuxilonga, ukubuyisela emuva, kanye nokwelashwa kwamazinyo. Ukubeka phambili lezi zigaba ezibalulekile kuqinisekisa amazinga aphezulu okusetshenziswa futhi kukhulisa imbuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.

Amathuluzi okuxilonga nokuhlola

Izinto zokuxilonga ziyizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umtholampilo wamazinyo, okudinga ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokucaca kokukhanya. I-triad ejwayelekile yokuxilonga iqukethe isibuko somlomo, i-explorer, kanye ne-periodontal probe. Izibuko ezimbozwe nge-rhodium ebusweni obungaphambili zithandwa kakhulu kunengilazi ejwayelekile, njengoba zisusa ukuphambuka kwezithombe ezimbili futhi zinikeza ukumelana okuhle kokuklwebheka. Abahloli, ikakhulukazi iNombolo 23 (i-shepherd's hook) kanye neNombolo 17, kumele bagcine amachashazi abukhali, amancane ukuze bathole izilonda ezincane ezicashile.

Ama-periodontal probes adinga imingcele eqondile, eqoshiwe nge-laser. I-UNC-15 probe, equkethe ukwanda okungu-1 mm kanye nama-band anemibala ku-5 mm, 10 mm, kanye no-15 mm, iyindinganiso yegolide yezokwelapha yokulinganisa ukujula kwephakethe okunembile. Ukugcina izinga lokukhubazeka elingaphansi kuka-1% ekuthengweni kwethuluzi lokuxilonga kubalulekile, njengoba amathuluzi okuxilonga aphazamisekile aholela ngqo ekuxilongweni okungalungile kwezokwelapha.

Amathuluzi okubuyisela, okuvuselela i-endodontic, amazinyo, kanye nawokukhipha

Ukusetha okuvuselelayo kudinga i-matrix yama-excavator, ama-plugger, ama-burnishers, kanye namathuluzi okubeka ahlanganisiwe. Amathuluzi ahlanganisiwe ahlanganiswe nge-titanium nitride (TiN) abalulekile, njengoba ukugqoka kuvimbela i-resin ehlanganisiwe ukuthi inamathele esicongweni, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokubeka. Izinqubo ze-Endodontic zithembele kakhulu kumafayela ajikelezayo e-nickel-titanium (NiTi) kanye namafayela esandla ensimbi engagqwali (kulandela usayizi we-ISO kusuka ku-06 kuya ku-140), okunikeza ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka emiseleni egobile.

Amathuluzi okukhipha ama-periodontal nawokukhipha abekezelela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kakhulu komshini. Ama-scalers nama-curette (njenge-universal Columbia 13/14 noma uchungechunge lwe-Gracey) kumele agcine umkhawulo obukhali wokusika, odinga ama-alloy ensimbi enekhabhoni ephezulu. Ekukhipheni, ama-forceps e-universal (isb., angu-150 aphezulu kanye no-151 aphansi) kanye nochungechunge lwama-elevator aqondile nagobile awakwazi ukuxoxiswana. Lezi zinto zokuhlinzwa kumele zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic ukuze zimelane ne-torque ebalulekile esetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokuphumula.

Ukuhlanza, ukusethwa kwethreyi, kanye nezinto zokuphatha amathuluzi

Ushintsho oluvela ezikhwameni zezinsimbi ezikhululekile luyeizinhlelo zekhasethi ezijwayelekileluphawu lokuphathwa kwemikhuba yesimanje. Amakhasethi ngokuvamile aphatha amathuluzi ayi-10 kuya kwangu-20, awabophe ngokulandelana kwenqubo okunqunyiwe. Lolu hlelo luvimbela ukulimala okubukhali ngesikhathi sokuhlanza nge-ultrasonic futhi luqinisekisa ubuqotho besikhwama sokubulala amagciwane.

Ukuphathwa kwezinsimbi okuphumelelayo kudinga futhi amathileyi okubulala amagciwane aqinile, imichilo yezinkomba zamakhemikhali (i-Class 4 noma 5), ​​kanye namabhodlela okuqapha ezinto eziphilayo. Ukutshala imali kumakhasethi aphezulu kungakhuphula izindleko zokuqala zemali ngo-$100 kuya ku-$150 ngokusetha ngakunye, kodwa kunciphisa izindleko zokufaka esikhundleni sezinsimbi ngo-30% eminyakeni emithathu ngokuvimbela umonakalo wemishini ngesikhathi sokucubungula kabusha.

Indlela Yokuqhathanisa Amathuluzi Omazinyo

Ukuhlola amathuluzi amazinyo kudlulela kude kakhulu ekuqhathaniseni izindleko zokuqala zamayunithi. Ochwepheshe bokuthenga kanye nabaqondisi bezokwelapha kumele bahlaziye isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukubekezelelana kokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (i-TCO). Uhlaka lokuqhathanisa oluqinile luqinisekisa ukuthi umtholampilo utshala imali kumathuluzi ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha ngenkathi kunciphisa imijikelezo yokushintsha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nomklamo

Ukwakheka kwensimbi yethuluzi lamazinyo kunquma ukusebenza kwalo kanye nobude balo. Iningi lamathuluzi amazinyo asezingeni eliphezulu akhiqizwa ngensimbi engagqwali engu-300-series noma engu-400-series. I-300-series (austenitic) inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okumangalisayo, okwenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezibambweni, ezibukweni, kanye namakhasethi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-400-series (martensitic) iqukethe amazinga aphezulu ekhabhoni (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-0.15% kuya ku-1.2%), okuvumela insimbi ukuthi iphathwe ngokushisa futhi iqiniswe.

Ukuqina kulinganiswa esikalini seRockwell C (HRC). Izinsimbi zokusika, njengemishini yokusika kanye nemishini yokumba, zidinga i-HRC ephakathi kuka-50 no-58 ukuze zigcine unqenqema olubukhali ngaphandle kokuba ziqine kakhulu. Lapho behlola imiklamo, abathengi kumele bahlole futhi izibambo ze-knurling noma ze-silicone. Izinsimbi ezine-knurling ejulile, egayiwe ngokunemba zinikeza ukulawula okungcono kakhulu kokuthinta ezindaweni ezimanzi, okunciphisa ukukhathala komqhubi ngesikhathi sezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izinsimbi ezingasetshenziswa kabusha uma kuqhathaniswa nezisetshenziswa kanye kuphela

Impikiswano phakathi kwezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kabusha nezisetshenziswa kanye (ezilahlwayo) igxile ezingozini zokungcoliswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezomnotho zokusebenza. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kanye, njengezithululi zamathe, amafayela athile endodontic, kanye nama-engeli okuvikela, zisusa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwesiguli kusuka esigulini kuya esigulini futhi zigweme inqubo yokubulala inzalo edinga abasebenzi abaningi. Kodwa-ke, zethula izindleko zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka eziphindaphindayo kanye nokungcola kwemvelo.

Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kabusha zidinga ingqalasizinda eqinile yokubulala amagciwane. Izindleko zokucubungula kabusha ukusethwa kwensimbi eyodwa ziqala ku-$0.80 kuya ku-$1.50, zibalwa ngezindleko zomsebenzi, zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezindleko ezisetshenziswayo (izikhwama, izinkomba zamakhemikhali). Imitholampilo kumele yenze ukuhlaziywa kokulingana: uma i-bur ekhethekile ibiza u-$45 engasetshenziswa kabusha uma kuqhathaniswa no-$5 esetshenziswa kanye, i-bur esetshenziswa kabusha kumele iphile okungenani imijikelezo eyi-10 kuya kweyi-12 yokubulala amagciwane ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindleko zokuqala.

Ukuqina, ukulungiswa, kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezindleko

Ukuqina kuthinta ngqo isimiso sokulungisa kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwezindleko zizonke. Ama-curette e-periodontal e-premium ngokuvamile abiza phakathi kuka-$40 no-$60 ngeyunithi ngayinye, esebenzisa ama-alloy akhethekile asezingeni eliphezulu agcina umkhawulo wawo isikhathi eside. Ezinye izindlela zomnotho zingabiza u-$15 kuya ku-$25 kodwa zidinga ukulolwa kabili kaningi, okuthatha isikhathi esibalulekile sokwelapha futhi kwandisa ingozi yokushintsha ukujiya okuqondile kwe-blade.

Izinqubo zokulungisa nazo zinquma ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko. Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa izixazululo ze-ultrasonic ezingafanele noma amanzi aqinile ngesikhathi sokuzibopha zizobhekana nokugqwala kwe-galvanic kanye nomgodi. Ukusungula inqubo yokulungisa evamile—kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kobisi lokuhlinzwa (i-lubricant) yezinsimbi ezinamathele njenge-forceps kanye nesikelo—kungandisa impilo yokusebenza kwezinsimbi zomshini ngo-20% kuya ku-40%, kunciphisa kakhulu i-TCO yonyaka.

Izindinganiso Zokuthenga, Ukuthobela, kanye Nokucubungula Kabusha

Ukuthola amathuluzi amazinyo kuyinqubo elawulwa kakhulu. Amathuluzi amazinyo ahlukaniswa njengamadivayisi ezokwelapha, okusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwawo, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo, kanye nokucubungula kabusha kumele kuhambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile zomhlaba wonke nezesifunda. Ukuhamba ngalezi zinhlaka zokuthobela imithetho kuyimpoqo ukuvikela ukuphepha kwesiguli, ukugwema izikweletu zomthetho, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwekliniki.

Iziqu kanye nezitifiketi zomhlinzeki

Iziqu zomhlinzeki ziyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ekuthengweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha. Imitholampilo kufanele ithole kuphela kubakhiqizi nabasabalalisi abanesitifiketi se-ISO 13485, esilawulaizinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithingqo kumadivayisi ezokwelapha. E-United States, amathuluzi kumele abe nemvume ye-FDA Class I noma Class II, kuyilapho izimakethe zaseYurophu zidinga ukumaka kwe-CE ngaphansi koMthethonqubo Wedivayisi Yezokwelapha (MDR 2017/745).

Lapho behlola abahlinzeki abangaba khona, abaphathi bokuthenga kufanele bacele amadokhumenti ku-ukulandeleka kwezinto ezibonakalayokanye nokuhlolwa kweqembu. Emitholampilo ethenga ngesilinganiso noma ehlanganyela ezinkontilekeni zomkhiqizi wemishini yokuqala (i-OEM), inani elincane le-oda (ama-MOQ) livame ukusuka kumayunithi angu-200 kuya kwangu-500 ngohlobo lwethuluzi. Ukuhlola abahlinzeki ngezikhathi zokulethwa ezihambisanayo—ngokuvamile amasonto ama-4 kuya kwangu-8 emithwalo emikhulu yamazwe ngamazwe—kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukuphela kwesitokwe.

Izidingo zokuthobela imithetho kanye nokuvimbela ukutheleleka

Izidingo zokuvimbela ukutheleleka azisho nje kuphela ukuthi amathuluzi asetshenziswa kanjani kodwa nokuthi kumele akhiwe kanjani ukuze asinde ekucutshungulweni kabusha. Izikhungo Zokulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC) kanye neziphathimandla zezempilo zesifunda ziyala imithetho eqinile yokubulala amagciwane amadivayisi abucayi kanye nalawo abucayi kakhulu. Amathuluzi kumele ahambisane nokuhlanza nge-ultrasonic, okusebenza ngamaza aphakathi kuka-35 kHz no-45 kHz ukuze kubangele ukucasuka nokususa umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo.

Amathuluzi kumele amelane nemijikelezo ejwayelekile ye-autoclave yomusi, evame ukufinyelela ku-121°C (250°F) ku-15 psi imizuzu engama-30, noma umjikelezo we-flash ongu-134°C (273°F) ku-30 ​​psi imizuzu emi-3 kuya kwemi-5. Ukwehluleka ukuthola amathuluzi alinganiswe ngalezi pharamitha kuzoholela ekushiseni okusheshayo, ukufiphala kwemiphetho enqunyiwe, futhi ekugcineni, ukwehluleka kokuthobela imithetho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezempilo.

Inqubo yokuthenga isinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Inqubo yokuthenga ehlelekile, ethatha isinyathelo ngesinyathelo inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali okungekuhle futhi iqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwemitholampilo. Inqubo iqala ngokuhlolwa kwezidingo okuphelele, ihlaziya amanani enqubo yomlando ukuze kutholakale inani eliqondile. Okulandelayo, umtholampilo ukhipha i-Request for Quotation (RFQ) kubathengisi abafanelekile, echaza amazinga athile e-ISO kanye namazinga ezinto ezidingekayo.

Ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ku-oda elikhulu, imitholampilo kufanele inqume isigaba sokuhlola. Abathengisi kumele banikeze iqoqo lesampula labaqondisi bemitholampilo kanye nabasizi abaholayo ukuze bahlole i-ergonomics, ibhalansi yesisindo, kanye nokuqina kokucubungula esikhathini sokuhlolwa kwezinsuku eziyi-14. Uma sekuvunyiwe, i-oda lokugcina lokuthenga liyakhishwa, lifaka izivumelwano zezinga lesevisi (ama-SLA) ezimboza ukushintshwa kwewaranti, imikhawulo yamaphutha (ngokuvamile evalwe ku-1% kuya ku-2%), kanye namashejuli okulethwa.

Indlela Yokwakha Uhlu Lwezinsimbi Zamazinyo Ezisebenzayo

Ukuguqula imininingwane engakahlelwanga kanye nedatha yokuthobela imithetho ibe uhlu lwezinsimbi zamazinyo olusebenzayo, olulungele umtholampilo kudinga ukuhlela okuhlelekile. Ukuthunyelwa okuphumelelayo kulinganisela imikhawulo yezimali kusengaphambili nesidingo sokusebenza sokuba namathuluzi afanele atholakala ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngokusungula amakhithi ajwayelekile kanye nokuqaliswa kwesigaba, imitholampilo ingakhulisa uhlu lwayo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhamba kwemali kwayo.

Isu lokuthenga ngezigaba

Isu lokuthenga ngezigaba livimbela ukwenziwa kwemali ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokuqala noma ukwandiswa komtholampilo. Isigaba sokuqala kufanele sigxile kuphela ekuqinisekiseni amathuluzi okuxilonga ayisisekelo, okuvuselela, kanye nokuhlanzeka aqukethe u-80% wenani lesiguli nsuku zonke. Izilinganiso zemboni ziphakamisa ukuthi kube nesabelomali esiphakathi kuka-$8,000 no-$12,000 ngomqhubi ngamunye kulo mtholampilo wokuqala.ukuthunyelwa kwethuluzi lekhwalithi ephezulu.

Isigaba sesibili, esaqalwa ezinyangeni ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-6 ngemuva kokwethulwa, sethula amathuluzi akhethekile e-endodontics, ukuhlinzwa komlomo, kanye ne-implantology, exhaswe yimali engenayo ekhiqizwayo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nezizathu zeMitholampilo Yamazinyo
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Yimaphi amathuluzi okufanele yonke imitholampilo yamazinyo yesimanje iwagcine ekuhlelweni kwayo okuyinhloko?

Qala nge-diagnostic triad: isibuko somlomo, i-explorer, kanye ne-UNC-15 periodontal probe, bese wengeza amasethi ayisisekelo okubuyisela, i-endodontic, i-periodontal, kanye nokukhipha ngokusekelwe kumthamo wecala wansuku zonke.

Umtholampilo unganciphisa kanjani isikhathi sesihlalo ngohlu lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo olujwayelekile?

Hlanganisa amathuluzi ngenqubo, gcina ukusethwa kwethreyi okuhambisanayo, futhi wenze izinhlobo nosayizi kube ngokwejwayelekile. Lokhu kusiza abasizi ukulungiselela ngokushesha futhi kunciphisa ukusesha amathuluzi phakathi nenqubo.

Yiziphi izinto ezilungele kakhulu amathuluzi amazinyo aqinile?

Khetha insimbi engagqwali engagqwali ehlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqashelwayo, kanye nezinto eziqondene nomsebenzi ezifana namathiphu e-composite ahlanganiswe ne-TiN kanye namafayela endodontic e-NiTi ukuze usebenze kangcono futhi uhlale isikhathi eside.

Yini okufanele imitholampilo yamazinyo itholakale kwaDenrotary ukuze isetshenziswe njalo?

Imitholampilo ye-Orthodontic ingathola ama-bracket, ama-buccal tubes, izintambo ze-arch, amaketanga kagesi, ama-ligature ties, kanye nama-plier e-orthodontic avela eDenrotary ukuze kube lula ukuthenga nokugcina ukusethwa kokwelashwa okuqhubekayo.

Abathengi bangaqinisekisa kanjani ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-orthodontic ngaphambi koku-oda?

Hlola izitifiketi ze-CE, FDA, kanye ne-ISO13485, qinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinga lezokwelapha, bese ucela imininingwane yomkhiqizo yezinto ezifana nama-bracket azimele, amashubhu e-buccal, kanye namaketanga kagesi angenalo i-latex.