Ingabe izinto ezahlukene zingathuthukisa ukuqina kwensimbi ye-orthodontic?

Yebo, izinto ezahlukene zithuthuka kakhuluIzinsimbi Zokulungisa Amazinyoukuqina. Zinikeza amazinga ahlukene amandla, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokuphila kokukhathala. Ukukhethaizinga lensimbi engagqwali elihle kakhulu lezinsimbi zezandla ze-orthodonticisibonelo, kuthinta ngqo isikhathi sokuphila kwabo.Izinsimbi Zokuhlinzwa Zensimbi Engagqwalihlinzeka ngesisekelo, kodwa izinto ezikhethekile zithuthukisa ukusebenza.Amathuluzi Okwelapha Amazinyo e-Tungsten Carbideinikeza ubulukhuni obuphezulu bokusika imisebenzi. Ukuqonda lokhu kungafani kwezinto ezibonakalayo kusiza ochwepheshe ukuthi bafundeUngakhetha kanjani izinti zamazinyo ezisezingeni eliphezulu?kanye namanye amathuluzi abalulekile. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kuhlola ukuthi ukukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo kuthinta kanjani ngqo isikhathi eside nokusebenza kwala mathuluzi abalulekile.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Izinto ezahlukene zenza amathuluzi okwelapha aqhubeke isikhathi eside. Izinto eziqinile zimelana nomonakalo obangelwa ukusetshenziswa nokuhlanzwa.
• Insimbi engagqwali ivamile, kodwa ukufaka i-tungsten carbide kwenza amathuluzi abe nzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuyawasiza ukuthi asike kahle futhi ahlale ebukhali.
• I-Titanium ilungele amathuluzi adinga ukuguquguquka futhi amelane nokugqwala. Iphephile futhi nakubantu abane-allergies.
• Indlela amathuluzi enziwa ngayo ithinta ukuthi ahlala isikhathi esingakanani. Izinqubo ezifana nokwakha kanye nokwelashwa ngokushisa kwenza amathuluzi aqine.
• Amathuluzi amelana nokugqwala nokuguguleka ahlala ewusizo isikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa okuhle kobuso kuyasiza ekuvikeleni ekulimaleni.

Ukuqonda Ukuqina Kwezinsimbi Zokwelapha Amazinyo

Ukuchaza Ukuqina Kwethuluzi

Ukuqina kwethuluzi kuchaza ikhono lethuluzi lokubekezelela ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe, imijikelezo yokubulala amagciwane, kanye nezinselele zemvelo ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu. Kusho ukuthi ithuluzi ligcina isimo salo sokuqala, ukusebenza, kanye nokubukhali isikhathi eside. Ithuluzi elihlala isikhathi eside liyamelana nokuguguleka, ukugqwala, kanye nokukhathala. Lisebenza ngokwethembeka kuyo yonke impilo yalo yokusebenza elindelekile. Leli khwalithi liqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ezindaweni zezokwelapha.

Izici Ezithonya Isikhathi Sokuphila Sethuluzi

Izinto eziningana zithinta ukuthi ithuluzi lokwelapha lihlala isikhathi esingakanani lisebenza.ukwakheka kwezinto ezibonakalayokuyisici esiyinhloko. Ama-alloy aphezulu anikeza ukumelana okungcono nokucindezeleka nokugqwala. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ukwakhiwa okunembile kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okufanele kuthuthukisa amandla ezinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba yokuphatha nokulungisa efanele yandisa kakhulu impilo yethuluzi. Ukuhlanza okungalungile, ukubulala amagciwane, noma ukugcina kungasheshisa ukuguguleka nomonakalo. Ukuvama kokusetshenziswa nakho kuthinta isikhathi sokuphila; izinsimbi ezisetshenziswayo zivame ukubhekana nokuguguleka okukhulu ngokwemvelo.

Kungani Ukuqina Kubalulekile Ekusebenzeni Kahle Kwezokwelapha

Ukuqina kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezokwelapha ku-orthodontics. Izinsimbi eziqinile zinciphisa isidingo sokushintsha njalo, okusindisa izindleko zemikhuba. Ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhambisanayo nokunembile ngesikhathi sezinqubo, okuthinta ngqo imiphumela yokwelashwa. Lapho izinsimbi zigcina ubuqotho bazo, odokotela bangawethemba amathuluzi abo. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni okubushelelezi kanye nesikhathi esincane sesihlalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinaIzinsimbi Zokulungisa Amazinyoukufaka isandla ekuphepheni kwesiguli ngokunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka noma ukungasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukutshala imali kumathuluzi aqinile ekugcineni kusekela indawo yezokwelapha esebenza kahle futhi ethembekile.

Izinto Ezivamile Zezinsimbi Zokwelapha Amazinyo Nokuqina Kwazo

Izakhiwo Zensimbi Engagqwali Nokuqina

Insimbi engagqwali isalokhu iyisisekelo sezinsimbi eziningi zokulungisa amazinyo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi kuvela ekulinganiseni kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukaziUchungechunge lwama-300, ngezingxenye ezahlukene ze-orthodontic. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne-G & H Wire Company zisebenzisa i-AJ Wilcock Australian wire (AJW) eyenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali engu-300. I-TruForce SS (TRF) ye-Ortho Technology kanye ne-Masel Ortho Organizers Inc.'s Penta-One wire (POW) zombili zisebenzisa insimbi engagqwali ye-AISI 304. I-Highland Metals Inc. iphinde ikhiqize izintambo ze-SS arch (SAW) ezivela ku-AISI 304, njengoba kwenza i-Dentaurum nge-Remanium (REM) yayo.

Ama-alloy ensimbi engagqwali anesilinganiso sikaPoisson esingu-0.29, isilinganiso sokuthi impahla ikhula kangakanani iqonde ngqo endaweni yokucindezelwa. Lezi zintambo ziphinde zibonise ubulukhuni obuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezifana nama-alloy e-titanium molybdenum (TMA) kanye nama-alloy e-nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti). Lobu bulukhuni bunegalelo ekuqineni kwazo kanye nekhono lokubekezelela ukucindezeleka komshini.

Insimbi engagqwali yezinga lezokwelapha yakhiwe ngokukhethekilekumadivayisi ezokwelapha. Ihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Lokhu kumelana kubalulekile ngoba amathuluzi axhumana nezixazululo zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene kanye nezibulala-magciwane. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamazinyo, insimbi engagqwali kumele ibonise ukumelana nokuguguleka, ukuhambisana okuqinile kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye namandla aphezulu. Kumele futhi igcine ukubukeka kwayo ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside emlonyeni. Amabanga afana no-304 no-304L anikeza ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Amabanga angu-304L anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni, okunciphisa imvula ye-carbide ngesikhathi sokushisela.

Noma kunjalo, indawo yomlomo inezinselele eziyingqayizivele.Ama-microorganisms omlomo angasheshisa kakhulu ukugqwalaisibonelo sensimbi engagqwali engu-316L. I-subgingival microbiota yakha ama-biofilm ezinhlobo eziningi ezindaweni zensimbi engagqwali. Lawa ma-biofilm aholela ekugqwaleni okusheshayo kwemigodi ngokusebenzisa ama-metabolites ane-acidic kanye nokudluliswa kwama-electron angaphandle. Lokhu kugqwala okuthonywe yi-microbiologically (MIC) kukhipha ama-ion ensimbi njenge-chromium ne-nickel. Ukukhululwa okunjalo kubeka izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona futhi kuthinta impilo yendawo neyesistimu. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokumelana kwayo okungokwemvelo, umsebenzi webhayoloji womlomo uphonsela inselelo ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwensimbi engagqwali yezinga lezokwelapha.

Ukufakwa kwe-Tungsten Carbide Ukuze Kuhlale Kuqinile

Abakhiqizi bavame ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ngokufaka izifakelo ze-tungsten carbide. I-tungsten carbide iyinto eqinile kakhulu. Ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezindawo zokusika nokubamba kuma-pliers kanye nama-cutters.ukufakwa kwamathiphu e-tungsten carbide kuma-cutter wire cuttersKuthuthukisa ngqo ukuqina kwazo kanye nokunemba kokusika. Lezi zinto ezifakiwe zithuthukisa ubulukhuni kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Zandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi. Ziphinde zigcine ubuqotho obusezingeni eliphezulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukufakwa kwe-tungsten carbide emaphethelweni okusikaAma-plier amazinyo asebenza kahle athuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kwawo. Athuthukisa ikhono lama-plier lokusika izintambo ezithambile neziqinile kalula. Le nto imelana kakhulu nokuguguleka. Imelana nokucindezeleka kokusika izinto eziqinile. Lokhu kunegalelo ngqo ekuthuthukisweni kokugcinwa konqenqema olusezingeni eliphezulu.

Ama-alloy e-Titanium kanye ne-Titanium okuphila isikhathi eside

I-Titanium kanye nama-alloy ayo anikeza izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-Dental Orthodontic Instruments ezithile, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuguquguquka, ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu kubaluleke kakhulu.

• I-Modulus Ephansi Yokuqina: I-modulus ye-Titanium yokuqina iseduze neyamathambo. Lokhu kusiza ukusatshalaliswa okufanele kokucindezeleka komshini. Ngenkathi ama-alloy e-titanium ngokuvamile ene-modulus ephezulu kune-titanium emsulwa, ama-alloy e-beta athile enzelwe i-modulus ephansi. Lokhu kuwenza afaneleke ukusetshenziswa kwe-orthodontic okudinga ukuguquguquka namandla aqhubekayo.
• Ukumelana Nokugqwala Emgodini Womlomo: I-Titanium kanye nama-alloy ayo abonisa ukumelana okuphezulu kakhulu nokugqwala ezixazululweni zomzimba. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngisho noma kunezinguquko ezinkulu ku-pH kanye nokushisa, kanye nokuchayeka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali emlonyeni. Ifilimu evikelayo ye-titanium oxide (TiO₂) yakheka ngokushesha ebusweni bensimbi. Le filimu iphinda ingasebenzi ngokuzenzekelayo uma iphazamisekile.

Nasi ukuqhathaniswa kwe-titanium alloys nensimbi engagqwali:

Ama-alloy e-titanium asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezithile ze-orthodontic:

• Ama-Archwire e-Orthodontic: Ama-alloy e-Beta titanium (isb., i-TMA) ayathandwa. Anikeza i-modulus ethambile neqhubekayo ephansi, enikeza amandla athambile naqhubekayo. Aphinde abe nomkhawulo ophezulu wokunwebeka, okuvumela ububanzi obukhulu bokuguquguquka. Ukwakheka kwawo okuhle kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kuwenza abe ngcono kakhulu. Odokotela bavame ukuwasebenzisa ukulungisa okuncane ezigabeni zakamuva ze-orthodontics.
• Amabhulakhethi Okugcoba Ama-OrthodonticAmabhulakhethi ensimbi ye-titanium asetshenziswa kakhulu ezigulini ezine-allergies ye-nickel. Anikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo kanye namandla anele.

Izinto Zobumba Ezintweni Ezikhethekile Zokwenza Ama-Dental Orthodontic

Izinto zobumba zinikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zezinsimbi ezithile ze-Dental Orthodontic, ikakhulukazi lapho ubuhle kanye nezakhiwo ezithile zemishini kubalulekile. Abakhiqizi basebenzisaizitsha zobumba zokwakha amabakakikanye nezinamathiselo ekwelashweni kwamazinyo.I-Alumina ne-zirconia kuyizinketho ezivamile ze-ceramicZinikeza izinketho eziqinile nezijabulisayo ngobuhle uma kuqhathaniswa nezibakaki zensimbi. Lezi zinto zihlangana kahle nombala wamazinyo wemvelo, okwenza zithandeke ezigulini ezikhetha izinto zikagesi ezingabonakali kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kokuqhekeka kwama-bracket e-ceramic kuyinto ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe. Ukuqina kokuqhekeka kuchaza ikhono lezinto zokumelana nokuqhekeka. Ama-bracket e-monocrystalline, njenge-Inspire ICE™, abonisa ukumelana okuphezulu nokuqhekeka kwe-tie-wing. Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-bracket e-hybrid clear ceramic, njenge-DISCREET™, abonisa ukumelana okuphansi nokuqhekeka kwe-tie-wing. Umehluko omkhulu wezibalo emandleni okuqhekeka ukhona emaqenjini ahlukahlukene e-bracket. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kokubili uhlobo kanye nesakhiwo se-bracket kuthinta amandla e-tie-wing.

Isimo somphezulu kanye nobukhulu bezinto nazo ziyizici ezibalulekile. Zithinta amandla okuthamba kwezinto zobumba. Umonakalo womphezulu, njengokuklwebheka, uthinta kakhulu amabakaki ekristalu elilodwa. Amabakaki e-polycrystalline awathinteki kakhulu ngomonakalo onjalo. UScott GE, Jr. ukhulume ngqo ngomqondo wokuqina kokuqhekeka kwamabakaki eceramic esihlokweni esibalulekile esinesihloko esithi'Ukuqina kokuqhekeka kanye nokuqhekeka kobuso–isihluthulelo sokuqonda amabhuleki e-ceramic'(1988). Lolu cwaningo luqokomisa ukubaluleka kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ze-ceramic orthodontic ezinokwethenjelwa.

Ama-alloy Akhethekile Okuqina Okulungiselelwe

Ama-alloy akhethekile ahlinzeka ngokuqina okwenzelwe izidingo ezithile ze-orthodontic. Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza izakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe ngaphezu kwensimbi engagqwali ejwayelekile.

• Insimbi engagqwali engu-17-7 PHinezakhiwo zokuqinisa imvula. Inamandla okubamba500–1000 MPa kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo engu-190–210 GPa. Ubulukhuni bayo busukela ku-150–250 HV, kanye nobude obungu-10–20%. Le alloy ishibhile futhi itholakala kabanzi. Inikeza amandla nokuqina okwanele kwabasebenzi be-orthodontics. Kulula futhi ukuyenza, ikwazi ukushiselelwa futhi iyakwazi ukwakheka.
• Izintambo Zensimbi Engagqwalingokuvamile zinamandla okuthamba angu-1000–1800 MPa kanye ne-modulus enwebekayo engu-180–200 GPa. Ziqinile, zingabizi, futhi kulula ukuzigoba. Zinikeza amandla aphezulu okuvala isikhala.
• Izintambo ze-Nickel-Titanium (NiTi)Ibonisa amandla okuthamba angu-900–1200 MPa kanye ne-elastic modulus engu-30–70 GPa. Izinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi i-superelasticity, evumela ukucindezeleka okungabuyiselwa ku-8%. Iphinde inikeze amandla okukhanya okuqhubekayo, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekuqondeni kokuqala kanye nenduduzo yesiguli.
• I-Beta-Titanium (i-Ti-Mo, i-TMA)inikeza amandla okuthamba angu-800–1000 MPa kanye ne-elastic modulus engu-70–100 GPa. Ayinayo i-nickel, okwenza ifanele iziguli ezine-allergy. Ingakhiwa futhi futhi ilungele ukuqeda izigaba zokwelapha.
• Izintambo ze-Cobalt-Chromium OrthodonticZiyakwazi ukwelashwa ngokushisa ukuze zilungiswe amandla. Zinamandla okudonswa angu-800–1400 MPa.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ezinye izinsimbi ezingagqwali ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu:

• I-455® Engagqwali Ngokwezifisoiyi-alloy ye-martensitic, eqina isikhathi eside. Ihlinzekaamandla aphezulu (kufika ku-HRC 50), ukuqina okuhle, kanye nokuqina. Abakhiqizi bayakwazisa ngamathuluzi amazinyo amancane, ayinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kungenxa yokushintsha kwayo okuncane ngesikhathi sokuqina, okugcina ukubekezelelana okuqinile.
• I-465® Engagqwali Ngokwezifisoiyi-alloy ye-martensitic esezingeni eliphezulu, eqina isikhathi eside. Onjiniyela bayiklame ukuze iqine kakhulu futhi iqine, ngamandla okudonseka angaphezu kuka-250 ksi. Ilungele izingxenye ze-orthodontic ezibhekene nokucindezeleka okuphezulu. Inikeza ukuthembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuqina kokuqhekeka okuphezulu, kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kokugqwala okucindezelayo okuphezulu.

Insimbi engagqwali yezinga lokuhlinzwa yakha umgogodla wezinsimbi eziningi eziqinile zokulungisa amazinyo. Inikeza amandla nokuqina okuhle kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezithile zifaka:

• Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali Zase-AusteniticLezi yizinto eziyinhloko zezingxenye eziningi ze-orthodontic. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi:AISI 302, AISI 304, AISI 316, AISI 316L, kanye ne-AISI 304LLezi zinhlanganisela ziqinisekisa ubuqotho ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokubulala amagciwane.
• Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali Ze-Martensitic: Zinikeza amandla nokuqina okuphezulu. Zifaneleka kakhulu kumathuluzi adinga imiphetho ebukhali kanye nokwakhiwa okuqinile.
• Izinsimbi Ezingagqwali Eziqinisa Ukuna Kwemvula (isb., 17-4 PH): Lezi zinikeza izakhiwo zemishini ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Zivame ukuthandwa kakhulu kuma-bracket e-orthodontic.

I-Titanium kanye ne-alloys ezithuthukisiwe nazo zinikeza izici zokusebenza ezithuthukisiwe:

• Ama-NiTi Alloys (i-Nickel-Titanium): Isetshenziselwa izintambo ze-orthodontic ngenxa ye-superelasticity kanye nenkumbulo yesimo. Zibuyela esimweni sazo sokuqala futhi zisebenzisa amandla ahambisanayo.
• I-Titanium Molybdenum Alloy (TMA): Inikeza ibhalansi yokuguquguquka namandla.
• Ama-alloy e-titanium: Zihlinzeka ngokuhambisana okuphezulu kwe-bio kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Lokhu kungenxa yefilimu engenzi lutho ye-titanium dioxide (TiO₂). Le filimu inciphisa ukuvuvukala kanye nokukhululwa kwe-ion yensimbi. Zinesilinganiso samandla aphezulu nesisindo. Zilula kunensimbi engagqwali kodwa zinikeza amandla afanayo noma aphezulu. Ama-alloy e-beta titanium kuma-archwire anikeza i-modulus ephansi ye-elastic, umkhawulo we-elastic ophezulu, kanye nokwakheka okuhle kwamandla aqhubekayo. Ama-bracket e-titanium afanele iziguli ezingezwani ne-nickel. I-Titanium nayo ayinamandla kagesi, okuyinto enhle ehambisana ne-MRI.

Indlela Izakhiwo Zezinto Ezithinta Ngayo Izinsimbi Zamazinyo Zokwelapha Isikhathi Eside

Izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo zinquma ngqo ukuthi isikhathi singakananiIzinsimbi Zokwelapha Amazinyo Zisasebenza KahleLezi zimpawu ziqondisa ikhono lethuluzi lokubekezelela ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, ukubulala amagciwane, kanye nendawo yomlomo enzima. Ukuqonda lezi zimpawu kusiza ochwepheshe ukuthi bakhethe amathuluzi anikeza ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Ukumelana Nokugqwala kanye Nokuphila Kwezinsimbi

Ukumelana nokugqwala kubalulekileimpahla yezinto ezisetshenziswa ezinsimbini zokulungisa amazinyo. Ichaza ikhono lento yokumelana nokuwohloka okuvela ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali endaweni yayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlala zihlangana namathe, igazi, izibulala-magciwane, kanye nezinto zokubulala amagciwane. Lezi zinto zingabangela ukugqwala, okwenza ithuluzi libe buthaka futhi liphazamise ukusebenza kwalo.

Ukudlula ngokweqile kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokugqwalayezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu kwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ebusweni kususa izinhlayiya zensimbi ebusweni. Kwakha ifilimu encane, evikelayo ye-oxide. Ukucwiliswa ezixazululweni ze-asidi ebuthakathaka, njenge-citric noma i-nitric acid, kwenza le nqubo. Ukudlulisa i-passivation kuyindlela yokuhlanza, hhayi ukugqoka. Ngemva kokuhlanza, ukuchayeka emkhathini kwakha ungqimba lwe-oxide yemvelo. Lolu ngqimba lunikeza ukugqwala okunamandla kanye nezakhiwo ezingagugi. Kwenza amadivayisi ezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi amathuluzi e-orthodontic, amelane kakhulu nokugqwala. Lokhu kwandisa isikhathi sawo sokuphila futhi kugcina ukubukeka kwawo. Ukudlulisa i-passivation kususa ukungcola futhi kumise ungqimba lwe-oxide oluzinzile. Kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinsimbi, kunciphisa ukuguguleka, futhi kunciphisa isidingo sokushintsha. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi abekezelela ukuhlanza nokusetshenziswa njalo ngaphandle kokuwohloka.

Ukuhlanza nge-electro kuthuthukisa nokumelana nokugqwalayemishini yokwelapha. Le ndlela ishelela ubuso ngaphandle kwamathuluzi omshini. Ivikela ungqimba lobuso ezinguqukweni zesakhiwo. Lokhu kuholela ekungangeni okufanayo. Ukungangeni okufanayo kuvikela izinto ekungcoleni. Kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo futhi kunciphisa ukungahambelani kobuso. Lokhu kungagxilisa ukucindezeleka futhi kuqale imifantu. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukupholisha ngogesi kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala. Izindawo ziba namandla kakhulu ekungcoleni kwemigodi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezipholisha ngomshini. Kuma-archwire e-NiTi, ukupholisha ngogesi kunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-nickel ngenkathi kwandisa i-titanium. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokungezwani ne-nickel. Kuphinde kuthuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala futhi kusiza ekuhlanzeni. Kuqeda izindawo lapho amagciwane angaqongelela khona. Ukupholisha ngogesi kunciphisa iphesenti lensimbi futhi kwandisa i-chromium ebusweni. Lokhu kunegalelo ekwakheni ungqimba olungasebenzi olunokumelana nokugqwala okwandisiwe.

Naphezu kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha, ukugqwala kusengenzeka. Ukugqwala kwe-pitting kwabonakala kumaqembu e-SS aboshwe kathathu, i-SS eboshwe kasithupha, kanye ne-Dead Soft retainer ezixazululweni ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaqembu e-Titanium Grade 1, i-Titanium Grade 5, kanye ne-Gold retainer awazange abonise umonakalo wokugqwala ngokomzimba. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokugqwala, okuhlanganisa nokugqwala kwendawo, kwabonakala ezifakweni ze-orthodontic ligature cutters. Lokhu kwenzeke ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lwe-ETM ngemuva kokuhlanza i-autoclave kanye nokubulala amagciwane ngamakhemikhali. Nokho, abasiki be-Hu-Friedy babonise ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala.

Ukuqina Nokumelana Nokugqokwa Kokusebenza

Ukuqina nokumelana nokuguguleka kubalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kwethuluzi, ikakhulukazi kumathuluzi okusika nokubamba. Ukuqina kulinganisa ukumelana kwento ekubhobozeni noma ekuklwebheni. Ukumelana nokuguguleka kuchaza ikhono layo lokumelana nokuwohloka komphezulu ngenxa yokungqubuzana noma ukukhuhla.

Ukuqina okuphezulu kuvame ukuhlobana nokumelana nokuguguleka okungcono. Lokhu kubalulekile kumathuluzi abhekana nokungqubuzana nokucindezeleka okuqhubekayo.Isibonelo, i-tungsten carbide inobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokuguguleka okuncaneLokhu kunegalelo elikhulu ekuqineni kwezinsimbi. Idayimane ye-Polycrystalline (PCD) inikeza ukugcinwa okuhle kakhulu komphetho. Isika ngempumelelo izinto eziqinile njenge-ceramics ne-zirconia.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ama-diamond burs ayesebenza kahle kakhulu ekuhlukaniseni imiqhele ye-lithium disilicate uma kuqhathaniswa nemiqhele ye-zirconia. Lokhu kungenxa yobunzima bento. Izinto eziqinile njenge-zirconia zandisa ukungqubuzana. Lokhu kusheshisa ukuguguleka kwezinhlamvu zedayimane futhi kunciphisa impilo yamathuluzi. Ucwaningo luphawule ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-5YSZ zirconia, enobunzima obuphansi kune-3Y-TZP, kuholele ekuhlukeni okuncane ekuqineni kwe-bur kanye nokuguguleka.

Ucwaningo ngezinto zokwakha ze-polymeric zemishini yamazinyo luhilela ukuhlolwa kokuklwebha kusetshenziswa i-Rockwell indenter. Lezi zilinganiso zokuqina kokuklwebha, ezitholwe nge-contact profilometer, zibonise ukuhlobana nokuqina kwe-Shore. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izinga lokumelana nokuguguleka okushelelayo kufanele lihlolwe ngokuzimela. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi yize i-Rockwell indenters isetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kokuqina, ubudlelwano obuqondile phakathi kwesilinganiso sokuqina kwe-Rockwell kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka abuchazwanga ngokucacile njengokuhlobana okuqondile kulezi zitholelo. Izindlela ezahlukene zokulinganisa ubulukhuni, njengokuqina kokugoba (njenge-Shore) kanye nokuqina kokuklwebha, zingaveza imiphumela engenakuqhathaniswa ngenxa yezimiso zazo zokulinganisa ezihlukile.

Amandla Okuqina Nokumelana Nokukhathala

Amandla okudonseka kanye nokumelana nokukhathala kubalulekile ekuqineni kwesakhiwo sethuluzi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Amandla okudonseka alinganisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu okungamelana nakho into ngaphambi kokuphuka lapho yeluliwe noma idonswa. Ukumelana nokukhathala kuchaza ikhono lento lokubekezelela imijikelezo ephindaphindwayo yokucindezeleka ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Izinsimbi zidlula amandla okugoba, ukusonta, kanye nokusika okuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

Ukulayisha nge-cyclic kuthinta kakhulu ukumelana nokukhathala kwezinto zokwakha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumathuluzi afana namafayela e-endodontic. I-geometry yomsele idlala indima. I-engeli ekhulayo kanye ne-radius enciphile yokugoba kunciphisa kakhulu ukumelana nokukhathala nge-cyclic. Amafayela abonisa ukumelana okuphansi kokuqhekeka emiseleni enama-engeli abukhali kakhulu kanye ne-radius ephansi yokugoba. Lokhu kuholela ekucindezelweni okukhulu kanye namandla okudonsa. Izici zokuklama izinsimbi, ububanzi, ukuncipha, isivinini sokusebenza, kanye ne-torque konke kungafaka isandla ekuhlulekeni kokukhathala.

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza nazo zithinta impilo yokukhathala. Ukuqina komsebenzi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kungadala izindawo zokuphuka. Lokhu kunciphisa impilo yokukhathala. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukupholisha ngogesi kungathuthukisa ukumelana nokukhathala. Kususa ukungalungi kwendawo kanye nokucindezeleka okusele. Ukulayisha ngokujikeleza kuholela ekuqalweni kokuqhekeka kanye nokukhula kokuqhekeka kwe-transgranular ngamabhande ashelelayo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza onjiniyela ukuklama amathuluzi amelana nokukhathala futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.

Ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nomthelela wokuqeda okungaphezulu

Ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphela kwendawo kuthonya kakhulu ukuthi i-Dental Orthodontic Instruments ihlala isikhathi esingakanani iphephile futhi isebenza kahle. Ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kubhekisela ekhonweni lento yokwenza umsebenzi wayo ohlosiwe ngaphandle kokubangela ukusabela okubi emzimbeni. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izinsimbi zithinta ngqo izicubu zomlomo namathe. I-ANSI/ADA Standard No. 41, enesihloko esithi “Ukuhlolwa Kokuhambisana Kwezinto Eziphilayo Kwamadivayisi Ezokwelapha Asetshenziswa Ezamazinyo,” inikeza uhlaka olubalulekile lokuhlola lezi zinto. I-FDA iyala ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha athinta isikhumba noma izicubu zomlomo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana namathreyi okubopha angaqondile aphrintiwe ngqo kanye nezisekelo zamazinyo okufakelwa ezisetshenziswa ku-orthodontics.

Ukuze kufezwe ukuhlukaniswa okuhambisana ne-biocompatible, izinto zihlolwa ngokuqinile ngokusekelwe ku-ISO 10993-1:2009. Lezi zivivinyo zihlola ubuthi be-cytotoxicity, ubuthi be-genotoxicity, kanye nokwanda kokuzwela okubambezelekile. Izinto ziphinde zihlolwe nge-USP plastic class VI ukuze zithole ukucasuka, ubuthi obuyingozi ohlelweni, kanye nokufakelwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwe-ISO, njenge-ISO 20795-1:2013 yama-polymers esisekelo samazinyo okufakelwa, lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto azilimazi iziguli noma zibangele ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba.

Ukuphela kobuso bethuluzi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekude kwayo nasekuphepheni kwesiguli.Ubuso obuqinile buthuthukisa ukunamathela kwamagciwane. Kwandisa amandla angenawo umphezulu futhi kunikeza izindawo eziningi amabhaktheriya anganamathela kuzo. Lokhu kuvimbela amakoloni amabhaktheriya ukuthi angaphumi kalula. Izindawo ezingalingani kumishini yokwelapha ama-orthodontic zidala izindawo ezengeziwe lapho amabhaktheriya angacasha khona. Lokhu kungandisa umthwalo wamabhaktheriya futhi kuthande izinhlobo eziyingozi ezifanaAma-mutan e-S.. Ubuningi bezinto ezifakwa esibayeni bunikeza nendawo ekahle yokuthi amagciwane anamathisele futhi akhe ama-biofilms.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuthiAmandla okunamathela kwe-streptococcal kuma-resin ahlanganisiwe e-orthodontic ayandanjengoba izindawo ezihlanganisiwe ziba ziqinile. Leli thonya lokungaguquguquki kobuso emandleni okunamathela liyaqina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukungaguquguquki kobuso obuhlanganisiwe kuthinta amandla okunamathela ngeS. sanguinisokungaphezu kwalokhoAma-mutan e-S.Izifundo eziningi ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuhle phakathi kokunamathelana kwamagciwane kanye nokungaguquguquki kwesikali se-submicron noma se-micron. Amandla okunamathela phakathi kwamagciwane nezindawo ezinezinga le-submicron angaguquguquki ayanda njengoba ukungaguquguquki kukhula, kuze kufike ezingeni elithile. Amabhaktheriya aze abonise ukuguquguquka okukhulu lapho enamathela ezindaweni eziqinile. Indawo ebushelelezi, ecwebezelayo emishinini isiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamagciwane. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka futhi kwenza imishini ibe lula ukuyihlanza nokuyibulala amagciwane, kwandise isikhathi sayo sokusebenza.

Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza kanye Nokuqina Kwamathuluzi Okwelapha Amazinyo

Izinqubo zokukhiqizaithonya kakhulu ukuqina kwezinsimbi. Indlela ithuluzi elakhiwe futhi liphathwa ngayo ithinta ngqo amandla alo kanye nobude balo. Amasu ahlukene anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile zokudala izinsimbi eziqinile nezithembekile.

Amasu Okwakha Uma Kuqhathaniswa Nokunyathela

Ukwakha nokufaka isitembu kuyizindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubumba izinsimbi zensimbi. Ukwakha kuhilela ukwakha insimbi ngamandla okucindezela asendaweni. Le nqubo ilungisa isakhiwo sensimbi. Idala ithuluzi eliqinile nelihlala isikhathi eside. Izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe zivame ukubonisa ukumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu kanye namandla okushaya. Ukwakha isitembu, ngokuphambene nalokho, kusebenzisa umshini wokucindezela ukusika nokwenza amashidi ensimbi. Le ndlela ngokuvamile ingabizi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Kodwa-ke, izinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe zingase zibe nesakhiwo sensimbi esicwengekile kancane. Lokhu kungenza zithambekele kakhulu ekuqhekekeni kokucindezeleka noma ukugoba lapho zisetshenziswa kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhetha ukuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezidinga amandla aphezulu nokunemba.

Ukwelashwa Kokushisa Kwezakhiwo Ezifanele Zezinto

Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zezinto. Kuhilela ukushisa nokupholisa izinsimbi ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Le nqubo ishintsha isakhiwo sezinto ezincane. Ngezintambo ze-nickel-titanium (NiTi), abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukwelashwa ngokushisa emaphethelweni akude. Kumelwe bagweme ukushisa ngokweqile.Amazinga okushisa azungeze u-650 °Ckungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezakhiwo zemishini zento.

Ngensimbi engagqwali, ukwelashwa kokushisa okukhethekile kuvamile. Abakhiqizi bangase bafudumale insimbi engagqwali ukuzeImizuzu engama-20 ku-500 °FEzinye izinqubo zihilela ukushisa imizuzu eyi-10 ku-750 °F kanye no-820 °F. Izikhathi ezimfushane zokufaka annealing emazingeni okushisa aphansi nazo zizuzisa insimbi engagqwali. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kuthinta kakhulu ubulukhuni. Kuma-mini-implants ensimbi engagqwali angu-316L, ukwelashwa ngokushisa kunciphisa ubulukhuni kusukela0.87 GPa kuya ku-0.63 GPaLokhu kubonisa ukumelana okunciphile ekuguqulweni kwepulasitiki. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa okungaphezu kuka-650°C kuma-alloy ensimbi engagqwali angu-18-8 kungabangela ukwenziwa kabusha kwekristalu kanye nokwakheka kwe-chromium carbide. Lezi zinguquko zinciphisa izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Imisebenzi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okushisa okuphansi,phakathi kuka-400°C no-500°Cimizuzwana emi-5 kuya kweyi-120, sungula ukufana kwempahla futhi unciphise ukuphuka.

Ukwembozwa Komphezulu Nokwelashwa Kokuqina Okuthuthukisiwe

Ukumbozwa kanye nokwelashwa kwendawo kunikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwethuluzi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zithuthukisa izakhiwo ezilawulwa phezulu ngaphandle kokuthinta izakhiwo zemishini yezinto eziningi. Zikhulisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukukhululwa kwe-ion, noma ukuguguleka.

Ukususwa komusi womzimba (i-PVD) kuyinto evamileinqubo yokufaka i-athomu. Ifaka izembozo ezinobukhulu obuvela kuma-nanometer kuya ezinkulungwaneni zama-nanometer. I-PVD ifaka izigaba ezifana nokuhwamuka, ukufakwa komusi we-arc, ukufakwa kwe-sputter, kanye nokutshalwa kwe-ion. Izembozo ezifana ne-Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) zingenye indlela yokuguqulwa kwendawo. Inikeza ukungqubuzana okuphansi, ubulukhuni obukhulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka okuphezulu, kanye nokuhambisana okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo. Izembozo ze-PVD zisetshenziswa kabanzi kumafilimu amancane angagugi kumadivayisi ezokwelapha. Izembozo ze-PVD ezamukelekayo zamadivayisi ezokwelapha zifaka phakathiI-TiN, i-ZrN, i-CrN, i-TiAlN, i-AlTiN, i-Blackbond, kanye ne-Tetrabond. Ukufakwa kwe-zinc kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-PVDkuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwezintambo ze-orthodontic zensimbi engagqwali. Lokhu kuphumela ekubunjweni okuphansi kwamanje okugqwala kanye nokumelana okuphezulu kwe-polarisation kumathe okwenziwa.

Ukukhetha Izinto Zokwenza Izinto Ezikhethekile Zokwenza Amazinyo Angasebenzi

Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Zokwenza Ama-Pliers Nama-Cutters

Ama-plier kanye nezicucu zidinga izinto ezimelana namandla amakhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa njalo.Insimbi engagqwali yezinga eliphezulukuyisinqumo esivamile. Iqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina, kanye nokuhambisana nezinqubo zokubulala amagciwane. Lokhu kwaziswa kunikeza amandla nokuqina okudingekayo kula mathuluzi. Ama-plier e-premium avame ukufakaizingxenye ze-tungsten noma ze-titaniumLezi zengezo zinikeza amandla athuthukisiwe kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yokusika.Izinto ezisezingeni eliphezuluzibalulekile ukuze ziqine. Zivumela lezi zinsimbi ukuthi zimelane nokusetshenziswa njalo ngaphandle kokuwohloka.

Izinto Zokubopha Nezinsimbi Zokubeka Amabhuleki

Izinsimbi zokubopha nokubeka ama-bracket zidinga ukunemba nokuqina. Lawa mathuluzi kumele abambe futhi abeke izingxenye ze-orthodontic ngokuphephile. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa insimbi engagqwali esezingeni eliphezulu kulezi zinsimbi. Le nto ihlinzeka ngokuqina namandla adingekayo. Iphinde imelane nokugqwala okuvela emijikelezweni yokuhlanza ephindaphindwayo. Ukukhetha izinto kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinsimbi zigcina isimo sazo kanye nokusebenza kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuvumela ukubekwa okunembile nokuphumelelayo kwama-band nama-bracket.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Zokucatshangelwa Kwezinto Zokuxilonga Nezokusiza

Amathuluzi okuxilonga, njengabahloli, adinga izakhiwo ezithile zezinto ukuze alondoloze ubuqotho be-tip.Insimbi engagqwali encane futhi eguquguqukayoiyinto eyinhloko yabahloli bamazinyo. Le nto inegalelo encazelweni yabo ebukhali. Ukwakhiwa kwensimbi eyodwa kukhulisa impendulo ethintekayo. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ukudlidliza kudluliselwa ngempumelelo kusukela ekugcineni kokusebenza kuya eminweni yochwepheshe. Lokhu kuhlukile kumathuluzi anezinsika ezifakiwe.Ukunakekelwa okufaneleKubalulekile ekutholakaleni kwe-calculus okunembile. Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlole njalo i-shank ukuze babone ukuthi igobile noma yonakele. Kumele futhi bahlole ukuthi ibukhali yini besebenzisa induku yokuhlola yepulasitiki. Umhloli ongabonakali uzoshelela, kanti obukhali uzobamba. Ukufaka esikhundleni sabahloli abangabonakali noma abonakalisiwe kuvimbela ulwazi olungelona iqiniso ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kobuso bezimpande. Ukuqina kwesihloko, noma 'ukunamathela,' kubonisa ubukhali kanye nokutholakala kwama-caries okuphumelelayo ngaphandle kwamandla amaningi. Amathiphu aguquguqukayo afanelana nokuhlolwa kwe-enamel yokucindezela kokukhanya ukuvimbela umonakalo. Ukwakheka okuqinile kuvumela ukushaywa okuqinile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-subgingival calculus.Insimbi eguquguqukayoisetshenziselwa abahloli abaqondile ukuze bathuthukise impendulo ethintekayo. Umklamo olula ululaza ukufinyelela okuqondile kanye nokuhlanza okuphumelelayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka kwesakhiwo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi ezinezigobe eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukwakheka kwezinto ze-Dental Orthodontic Instruments ngokuyinhloko kunquma ukuqina kwazo. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezifana ne-tungsten carbide, i-titanium, kanye nama-alloys akhethekile kuthuthukisa kakhulu ubude besikhathi sezinto kanye nokusebenza kwazo. Ochwepheshe benza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngokuqonda lo mehluko wezinto. Lokhu kuthuthukisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezinto kanye nokusebenza kahle kwazo emtholampilo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini eyenza ithuluzi lokwelapha i-orthodontic liqine?

Ithuluzi eliqinile lokwelapha i-orthodontic liyamelana nokuguguleka, ukugqwala, kanye nokukhathala. Ligcina isimo salo sokuqala kanye nokusebenza kwalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinto zokwakha ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukukhiqizwa okunembile, kanye nokunakekelwa okufanele konke kunegalelo ekudeni kwalo isikhathi eside.

Izinto ezifana ne-tungsten carbide zithuthukisa kanjani impilo yezinsimbi?

I-tungsten carbide iqine kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bayisebenzisela ukusika nokubamba izindawo. Le nto ithuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nokuguguleka futhi igcina imiphetho ebukhali. Ivumela amathuluzi ukuthi amelane nokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kanye nemisebenzi yokusika.

Kungani i-titanium iyinto enhle kwezinye izinsimbi zokuhlobisa ama-orthodontic?

I-Titanium inikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kanye nokuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo. Yakha ungqimba oluvikelayo olumelana noketshezi lomzimba. Ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nesilinganiso sayo samandla nesisindo kwenza kube kuhle kakhuluizintambo zodongakanye nezibiyeli, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezine-allergies.

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zithinta kanjani ukuqina kwethuluzi?

Izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezifana nokwakha kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa ziqinisa amathuluzi. Ukwakha kucwengisisa isakhiwo sensimbi, kusenze siqine. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kushintsha isakhiwo sensimbi, kuthuthukise ubulukhuni bayo kanye nokumelana nokucindezeleka.

Iyiphi indima edlalwa ukumelana nokugqwala ekudeni kwesikhathi eside kwethuluzi?

Ukumelana nokugqwala kuvimbela amathuluzi ukuthi angonakali ngenxa yamakhemikhali noma umswakama. Ukwelashwa ngokudlulisa umoya kanye nokupholisha ngogesi kudala izendlalelo ezivikelayo. Lezi zendlalelo zisiza amathuluzi ukuba amelane nokuhlanza kanye nendawo yomlomo, okwandisa isikhathi sawo sokusebenza.